Troubles with terminology

[UTlonghornDDS]

Hi guys, I had some terminology I would like clarified, because I have trouble understanding the differences between...
Tonus vs. tetanus (does tonus refers to contracted state of smooth muscles only? whereas tetanus referes to skeletal?)
And also indeterminate and determinate cleavage ( do both appear in humans?) thanks!

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[Barking Lamb]

Hi guys, I had some terminology I would like clarified, because I have trouble understanding the differences between...
Tonus vs. tetanus (does tonus refers to contracted state of smooth muscles only? whereas tetanus referes to skeletal?)
And also indeterminate and determinate cleavage ( do both appear in humans?) thanks!

Always double check what you hear on the internet, but... I believe;

1.) Tonus is essentially a weaker form of tetanus.

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2.) Both occur in humans, when a cell is determined the cells fate has been decided. Determined = Determined

Indeterminate cleavage is when a single cell can be taken and it has limitless possibilities. Indeterminate = undetermined

*Indeterminate happens early in development. For example, an indeterminate cell can be taken and used to grow a perfectly identical and viable copy of the original organism. (Identical twins)

 

[Vsno123]

Tonus does not just refer to smooth muscle. Tonus is when you're muscles are always slightly contracting, like the muscles you use for posture, to keep your back straight, etc. (I always think of it like when I work out my legs a lot, then my calves get "toned" )

Tetanus is just when you're nerves are sending action potentials without stopping (no refractory period) causing a sustained contraction. (Ex: if you're flexing your biceps or lifting weights...the action potential frequency is high because you do not want to drop the weights)

Deuterostomes have indeterminate cleavage. Protostomes have determinate cleavage (fate is decided by the 4 cell stage). (I think when we talk about cleavage, it refers to point right after fertilization, so technically we only do indeterminate cleavage. Although most cells in our adult bodies do not retain the capacity to differentiate into anything other than a duplicate cell)

 

[UTlonghornDDS]

Thanks!!! This helps alot!!