I'd disagree with Dr. Midlife to a certain extent. Definitely agree on the need for more shadowing, volunteering, maybe even a full-time position such as HIV counseling. You might need a year or two to build up your experience and develop solid references.
But where I disagree with Dr. Midlife is that I believe you're on your trajectory towards medicine because you were abused as a child, plain and simple. You can't leave that out without hollowing out your story. And to me, your trajectory is a sign that you're able to take some horrible experiences and turn them into something that drives you towards escaping your shell and helping others. Obviously, many people don't react that positively, and I think that's a great credit to your resilience and character.
The key is to present your story well. In those terms, you're in Act II right now, where's Act III going to take you? As trite as it may sound after such trauma, what did you learn, and what vision did it give you for yourself? Combined with your high academic achievement, you seem to possess a very solid life story and personality upon which to build a successful medical career. Programs and med schools will be looking for agency, a sense of control over your life that will keep you going through the stresses of pre-medicine and medicine.
I've known a lot of people who had PTSD, which sounds similar enough to your case, and a big distinction to me has been between those who manage their traumatic past, and those who overcome it with a sense of finality. To put it another way, it's like a distinction between those who see the mind after a mental collapse like a bottle that, once broken, can never be as strong again -- versus seeing your mind as a bone, which can grow stronger through breaking and healing. If you see yourself in the latter category and can present yourself that way, the med school world will be your oyster.
Conversely, there are a lot of people who can never quite overcome the trauma that occurred in their lives. And yes, those people fare badly when applying, because many of their strong emotions bleed through into their self-presentation. No one can afford to take a risk on a candidate who's going to cost hundreds of thousands of dollars, who's going to have people's lives in their hands, and who might drop out.
At least for the postbac portion, if you want to compete mainly based on stats and a few extracurriculars, go ahead and don't disclose anything. But if you're willing to take a risk and tell your story, then suddenly you're jparsenal87, a very distinct, hard to forget candidate. And, frankly, if any programs think your story is a turn off despite you presenting it in a way that conveys resilience, courage and a positive outlook, then **** 'em.
Finally, on the reference side, you showed awareness of how you've acted in the past, why you did so, and how important it is to evaluate teachers less with your lizard brain. It's up to you to stop behaving in that way, both by being better at cultivating new mentors and rebuild old bridges. The ball's in your court. If you believe that it's in your court, if you have that agency, I can't see how being honest about your story isn't going help you, and you deserve everything positive you can derive from it.