CPhT = Certified Pharmacy Technician
Depending on your state - you will either need to be certified before you being work as a technician - or after one year of working in the field.
There is no time requirement (may vary by state) for most states - you simply sign up for the test, and if you pass it you are certified.
The test covers basic level knowledge a pharmacy tech should have. Drug names (brand/generic), insurance, law, and pharmacy calculations, drug formulations.
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