To the OP:
There is no specific requirement for calculus-based physics over non-calculus-based physics for admission into medical school. There is no "wow-factor" in taking calculus-based physics over non-calculus-based physics.
In terms of schools being able to "tell" what level of physics has been taken by an applicant; we can directly contact the school if there is a question about numbering on a transcript. We also have guidelines in terms of evaluation of course numbers on transcripts and we request the course syllabus of any course that we question. It's not rocket science and I have requested syllabi for dubious coursework that I felt I needed more information on.
In short, before we offer interview/admission to any candidate, we have thoroughly investigated every portion of their application. We can investigate any part of that AMCAS application that has been submitted and we often do.