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There are good, non predatory journals that will take in even poor studies if they're written well and done right (this happens even at NEJM - see the crappy retracted covid studies). Yes i'm willing to claim that PIs do their best to avoid predatory journals at any cost because it doesn't make sense to spend all that time and effort on a study (even a crap, poorly designed one) just to push it to a crap predatory journal that'll take it.Really? You know this for a fact? 🙂
Here are two points to consider on the other side of the coin. Nobody is a PI without having legitimate publications in high-impact journals. If once in a while you publish in a crap journal, nobody is going to care or notice because they're going to focus on the shiny publications in good journals. You're going to do fine getting grants based on those. Hell if it's really a problem, they can just leave it off their CV.
Also, being a PI means that you have to consider the careers of the people working under you, and when you are working with a med student/resident, sometimes they just need to get *something* published for their next application. Maybe the PI doesn't want to spend 9 months shopping the paper around a bunch of impact factor 1.5-2 journals. Maybe they just want to get the paper published before the OP leaves. Maybe the PI knows in their heart of hearts that the project isn't really publishable, but doesn't want the trainee to come up empty handed.
So sure, in a perfect lollypop world, every paper is done with perfect design from the onset, includes all of the appropriate controls and passes a robust peer-review process. But bottom line, sometimes you just need to get even the back-back-backburner projects published somewhere and be done with it. You're not going to make a career out of publishing in predatory journals, but doing it occasionally to help a trainee get a paper out on a reasonable timeline can be reasonable. If the trainee later decides they want to pursue an academic career, they have ample time to publish in legit journals later, but RIGHT NOW they may just need something for their ERAS application.
Good PIs who are generally respected are likely going to know what journals will be willing to take in their work even if it isn't great (or even send it to a journal where they're on the editorial board). If a PI knows a project isn't publishable, the best attempt is to probably shelve it early on well before it hits the writing stage (i had this happen to me it sucks), and instead help the trainees by giving them promising publishable work.
I don't have anything to lose if the right decision is to list every single pub on ERAS even if that includes predatory journals. I'm just depressed and frustrated at the continued degradation of science just to pad ERAS