In short, try to appear human and go beyond asking only about work.
Human? I thought job seekers were some sub-human species and not supposed to have any time for play
Ask if you'll be getting a new scope, or a hand-me-down. That's one thing you may want/need to negotiate up front for (although, again not at the first interview), if you don't what to be stuck with a "resident" scope. Ask about office space. Ask whether you will be getting/can get new furniture, carpet, computer, etc. Funds for CME, books, conferences, etc. Ask about administrative support. Will you be dictating or typing your own reports? If the former, how is the transcription service? If the latter, is anyone using voice recognition? Is it working for them? What are the expected TATs? Do most people meet them? What's the workload like? How is it divided up? Who decides? ie. Is it first-come-first-serve? Do senior faculty get first dibs? Or, is there a set schedule and the PAs just assign the case to the appropriate queue? Are there PAs? How many? How much of the grossing to they do? How competent are they? How complicated are the cases that they gross? What do the residents gross? What's the expectation for supervision of residents/PAs/etc.? Do residents have protected preview time? At-scope sign-out time? What's the call rota like? What types of other included benefits are there? Healthacre/ Retirement/ Investments/ Insurance plans? Are people generally happy with these or do they seek outside vendors?
There. That should fill up whatever time you may have on the interview trail.
That's such an awesome list. But I guess like salary, benefits and the rest of the essential materialistic things, carpet, furniture and microscope questions should probably wait till an offer and the negotiation process kicks in. I think it would be safe to just stick to the basics on the first round of interviewing.