heart failure

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Why are calcium channel blockers (CCB) contra-indicated in congestive heart failure, while beta-blockers aren't? I understand that CCB may worsen the situation with a significant drop in cardiac output (CO), since they're negative inotropes and can further deteriorate the cardiac function...

I'm studying the cardiomyopathies (dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive). Can they eventually all cause pulmonary congestion with dyspnea and systemic congestion with symptoms such as jugular venous distension?

A patient with heart failure and hypotension, how much can i give normal saline without being overloaded? Can i give 500ml normal saline over 2 hours?

Hi again! I read that heart failure results in Hypoxia due to decreases blood flow in peripheral vessels. I don't understand the sentence above, could someone explain it for me simply as I'm new to physiology and Google searches are complex. Thanks in advance!

Anyone know of free conferences for medical students in the specialty of family medicine, diet/exercise, GI microbiome ect more pertaining to family medicine topics? GREATLY APPRECIATED

How to differentiate between: 1. Hypertension causing hypertrophy and eventual heart failure and congestion and 2. congestive heart failure for another reason causing decreased renal blood flow and increased RAAS leading to HTN? I came by a Q in UW (qid: 1532) where they show a patient...