The research rank gives a sense of prestige, as the amount of research money a program brings in sometimes means the program has more money to use to attract big name faculty or build better infrastructure. But It doesn't usually translate to how good the education is or whether you can get a great residency from there. Truthfully if you get in at any US allo school, you probably can get to where you want to go, but the very top of the list sometimes gives you access to resources you won't have at the very bottom. Now if we are talking about the sixty or so programs in the middle, I'd say you are splitting hairs. We have had people on SDN over the years who somehow got into their heads that they belonged at top 20 schools, and after a year or two of being reapplicants finally realized that schools simply didn't share that view and took what they could get. One had much higher numbers than your "friend". This isn't just a Numbers driven process, and there are a Lot of things besides applying late that could make your friend be deemed not a "good fit" for schools. Certainly if the arrogance of thinking oneself too good for a mid-range school seeped through, your friend was lucky to get ANY offers. Your friend should jump at what's on the table, and milk it for whatever educational value and research opportunity is there. If they don't screw it up, the "top tier" residency could absolutely be attainable from there.