Bio multiple choice

[kov82]

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The combination of DNA with histones is called

a) a centromere
b) chromatin
c) nucleosome
d) an amino acid
e) RNA

I said "c" the book said "b" I know the definition of chromatin is DNA and proteins but the DNA wrapped around histone proteins is a nucleosome right? so is this just a question with bad choices the author didn't think about?


Substances in the blood are transported across the nephron tubules by mechanisms in the process of

a) bulk flow
b) filtration
c) osmosis
d) reabsorption
e) secretion

I thought about it and I was down to either "a" or "b" but the answer is "e" the explanation is filtration 1st moves blood plasma substances from the glomerulus (capillary) into bowman's capsule at the nephrons origin, after monitering these solute concentrations (eg glucose sodium etc) reabsorption returns them to the blood from the nephron tubule at high percentage rates, secretion is a third step, moving materials from the blood (peritubular capillaries) to the distal convoluted tubule for exit & elimination. were you able to answer this correctly? I couldn't understand what the question was really asking, all I thought of was the glomerulous, even then does this explanation do a good job for the answer? couldn't the answer have been re absorption ?


on page 47 of Ap cliffs 3rd edition you have a chart of the number of ATP produced throughout cellular respiration, it credits glycolysis and krebs together with 36, (it also says the actual yield in the body is more like 30 but...) I thought that the electron transport chain gave the most ATP which was around 34? am I wrong? so the total ATP from one glucose from glycolysis all the way through the e- transport chain is 36 +34? or cliffs had a typo or the other book that said e- transport chain gave most ATP was wrong?

 

[timwatley]

The combination of DNA with histones is called

a) a centromere
b) chromatin
c) nucleosome
d) an amino acid
e) RNA

I said "c" the book said "b" I know the definition of chromatin is DNA and proteins but the DNA wrapped around histone proteins is a nucleosome right? so is this just a question with bad choices the author didn't think about?


Substances in the blood are transported across the nephron tubules by mechanisms in the process of

a) bulk flow
b) filtration
c) osmosis
d) reabsorption
e) secretion

I thought about it and I was down to either "a" or "b" but the answer is "e" the explanation is filtration 1st moves blood plasma substances from the glomerulus (capillary) into bowman's capsule at the nephrons origin, after monitering these solute concentrations (eg glucose sodium etc) reabsorption returns them to the blood from the nephron tubule at high percentage rates, secretion is a third step, moving materials from the blood (peritubular capillaries) to the distal convoluted tubule for exit & elimination. were you able to answer this correctly? I couldn't understand what the question was really asking, all I thought of was the glomerulous, even then does this explanation do a good job for the answer? couldn't the answer have been re absorption ?


on page 47 of Ap cliffs 3rd edition you have a chart of the number of ATP produced throughout cellular respiration, it credits glycolysis and krebs together with 36, (it also says the actual yield in the body is more like 30 but...) I thought that the electron transport chain gave the most ATP which was around 34? am I wrong? so the total ATP from one glucose from glycolysis all the way through the e- transport chain is 36 +34? or cliffs had a typo or the other book that said e- transport chain gave most ATP was wrong?

Hey,
The first question is just a standard definition. I don't remember what a nucleosome is off the top of my head but I just knew the answer from all of the science classes at my school that have drilled it into my head.

I can help you with the second question though. Reabsorption is when water and nutrients IN THE TUBULES are absorbed by tubule cells and eventually into the capillaries after they travel across the interstitial fluid.

Secretion is when ions already IN THE CAPILLARIES are secreted into the interstitial space for movement into the tubules. A good example of this is H+. If blood pH is too high one way to regulate this is to piss out H+. Thus, H+ is SECRETED from the blood capillaries so it can go to the tubules and be incorporated into the filtrate which will eventually form urea.

A good way to think about it:
Absorption goes from tubule to capillary.
Secretion goes from capillary to tubule.

 

[BiomajorPreDent]

Nucleosomes form the fundamental repeating units of eukaryotic chromatin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleosome

I do not understand the second question, and I am usually pretty good with the kidney

the total amt of ATP produced for DAT purposes is 36..that is total, (including substrate level) and all from glycolysis TCA and oxidative phosphorylation

I do not know what you mean by 36+34..I dont see where you got 34 from

 

[timwatley]

I think you're supposed to emphasize histone(S). Had it said DNA and one histone then this would have suggested that it was a repeating unit and therefore a nucleosome. But since it said DNA and histones I guess it wants you to look at the big picture.

I just referred to this google pic.

http://faculty.jsd.claremont.edu/jarmstrong/images/chromatin.gif

 

[kov82]

thanks for the reply guys, I still think the DNA protein one is poorly worded, aren't they both correct? and you can't even really say which is the "best" answer other than the fact that the book chose chromatin

and for the kidney question Tim, I understand your explanation, but the problem is the question doesn't seem very clear to me if they are asking about solute going from the tubule to the blood or the blood to the tubule, you COULD read it either way.... "to" or "from" thrown into the question would have been really useful.

 

[sunshine222]

The people who write the questions aren't perfect - there are bound to be mistakes/confusing answers here and there. (Particularly true in Kaplan, I found). The important thing is that you understand the material well enough to be asking those questions.

 

[tsitneD]

I got confuse reading the second question but after reading it again i got the part where it says substances in the blood...so from then i got the question understood asking about the blood to tubules...still got it wrong lol.😀

 

[kov82]

So does anyone know what the count is for ATP of one glucose, they say gross 38, net is 36 the actual is ~30 , but cliffs contributes the most number of ATP produced by Krebs in their chart in the book, other books say oxidative phosphorylation......is cliffs wrong?