Chirality and absolute config confusion

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baronz

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I'm getting really confused with chirality for some reason. Can someone please explain the reasoning behind the following prioritizations and absolute configurations? I'm confused about the Haworth and Fischer projections and determining whether its R or S config. I thought in Fischer projects the side groups are coming out at you in a wedge bowtie. So for the second set wouldnt it be 1-OH 2-CH2OH 3-CHO in the R config and then wouldnt you have to reverse it since the #4 H is coming out at you?

avj1p4.jpg

5b7lsh.jpg

And for this last one. For #1 and #2 priorities I guess I understand that since the carbons directly attached are the same CH2 you have to go farther and if you do its a C vs an O and so the O gets the higher priority. But isnt the Br side chain greater in atomic weight and number overall? I dont get when you're supposed to stop or keep going.
 
CHO > CH2OH in priority. You only go as far as you need to in order to distinguish between groups. A hydroxyl would come before isopentyl regardless of molecular weight. Also, the same would be true even if the isopentyl had an iodine attached to it somewhere.
 
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