at the risk of getting flamed...
i don't think it creates sustainable social change. going somewhere for one week and helping to build a house (or whatever the project is) is great, don't get me wrong, but to me that feels an awful lot like slapping a teeny tiny bandaid on the problem. where does that leave the community you worked with? what has that really taught you about being an agent for social change-- that it's something you can think about for a week or so and then leave behind? i know there are people that come back from these ASB trips and say that the intense discussions and meeting the members of the community they served changed them forever and now they're going to become activists, but i don't think that's the norm. most of my friends that have been on them have found them meaningful but haven't really done anything differently as a result.
i have done countless numbers of these "one and done" sorts of projects in the past, but it wasn't until college when i volunteered with the same organization for 4 years that i started to realize how much better that model is. i just finished a year of service where i did full-time work at an anti-poverty non-profit, and i can't tell you how different it is to be in the trenches 40 hours per week. rather than encouraging college students to go on these ASB trips so they get their community service in amidst their busy schedules, we should be requiring at least a year of service of every young adult. look what it did to me-- i chose to stay at this organization following my year of service and get paid 1/3 less than i would have if i took one of the lab tech jobs i thought about. and i want to keep working with this population as a physician.
you may think i'm kind of out there on this matter, but i take service and activism really seriously. those things fuel most of the decisions i make in life, from where i shop, to where i live, to what i do in my free time, to my decision to go to medical school.
but i TOTALLY recognize that going on an alternative break and doing some type of service project is 100% better than doing nothing at all. so if that's all someone is able to do, more power to them.