In her acclaimed new book, Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present, journalist and bioethicist Harriet Washington traces this mistrust in the first comprehensive history of the medical mistreatment of African Americans.
Publisher's Weekly praised Washington as a "great storyteller," and named Medical Apartheid one of the best books of 2006, finding it "even at its most distressing, compulsively readable." PW, Kirkus and Booklist each honored the book with starred reviews, and the Black Caucus of the American Library Association bestowed its Honor Nonfiction Award for 2007 on Medical Apartheid.
Washington's book details horrific abuses by the guardians of health.
Africans found unfit by slave ship surgeons were routinely thrown overboard to die at sea en route to the Americas.
Physicians in the antebellum south believed that blacks were immune to pain and conducted hideous experiments on men, women and children without anesthesia.
More recent experiments include non-consensual and disproportionate sterilization of blacks like the "Mississippi appendectomy" performed on civil rights legend Fannie Lou Hamer.
Blacks were also the subjects of painful radiation and dermatological studies.
In the 1960's, a neurosurgeon removed parts of the brains of black boys to regulate "behavior problems."
And, from 1932 until 1972, the U.S. Public Health Service in its Tuskegee experiments promised to treat hundreds of black men for syphilis, but actually provided no treatment, and instead watched the men die slow, painful deaths.