actually there are pa's working for doc run groups in interventional rads, plastic surgery(one was on TV on that real life plastic surgery in beverly hills show). there are a few pa's who work in operative anesthesiology. the best known is sheppard stone who has been doing it for 30+ years. most folks who want to do anesthesia who do not want to go md/do become AA's or CRNA's. there are a few ophtho pa's out there but they mostly do pre-op h+p's, clinic, and hospital d/c's, not intraoperative first assist.
this will blow all of your minds: pa's doing diagnostic cardiac caths at Duke with results similar to cards fellows:
http://www.charitywire.com/charity280/04996.html
you are right about the rural vs urban issue. I have a good scope of practice but to get it I work rural and inner city, mostly night shifts. I couldn't do my current job during daytime hours without relocating.
With regards to your study... What are you saying? That fellows (who are by definition NOT cardiologists but physicians in TRAINING) can do it as good as a PA who has completed the training (whatever that entails)....
Also I found some interesting stuff in your article (full text):
Krasuski, R. A., Wang, A., Ross, C., Bolles, J. F., Moloney, E. L., Kelly, L. P., Harrison, J. K., Bashore, T. M. and Sketch, M. H. (2003), Trained and supervised physician assistants can safely perform diagnostic cardiac catheterization with coronary angiography. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent., 59: 157–160.
"We compared the results of 929 diagnostic cardiac catheterizations performed by three different PAs during an 18-month period (August 1998 to April 2000) with 4,521 catheterizations performed by 21 different cardiology fellows with similar supervision during the same period."
So even assuming they both were at the same level at the beginning, by the end of the study, on average each PA had done >300 PCIs while each fellow had done about 215, leading to increased proficiency for the PA cohort.
"There was a higher prevalence of class 3 and 4 New York Heart Association (NYHA) heart failure among patients undergoing procedures by cardiology fellows (19.5% vs. 13.2%; P = 0.001). In addition, serum creatinine levels were slightly higher in patients studied by cardiology fellows; creatinine was > 1.3 ng/dL in 7.4% of the fellow cases and in 5.5% of the PA cases"....
The heart failure rates were statistically significant while the creatinine levels were not. Obviously, the healthier the patient, less risk for complications...
"Cardiology fellows progress rapidly through their training and are all level 1 or level 2 trained (per ACC/AHA guidelines [8]) by the end of 6 consecutive months in the laboratory. The PA training period is generally twice this length, with frequent repetition (educational sessions are repeated with each 6-month fellow rotation)."
"As our institution is a training facility for cardiology fellows, some patient selection bias is unavoidable. In general, more complicated patients (i.e., patients with heart failure) are assigned to physicians and not to the PAs."
Not exactly apples to apples....