First of all, let's all remember that regardless of whether surgery "pays"or not, it's the patient's well being that comes first and I'm sure we're all in agreement on that issue.
I believe it's really a matter of semantics when someone states that "surgery pays" or "surgery doesn't pay". I think what is REALLY meant is time vs. dollars. Yes, the actual surgical procedure does have a higher reimbursement than an E&M code, but there are other factors that have to be considered.
You also have to consider the time to travel to the facility (hospital or surgical center), time to perform the procedure, pre and post operative paper work (not all facilities have residents), travel from the facility back to the office, post operative care during the "global" period, etc. And of course that does not include any liability that is always attached to any surgical procedure.
So, when all those factors are added up, a practitioner must really step back and consider whether surgery "pays".
Some doctors have a very unique situation. A friend of mine has a high volume surgical practice and is a residency director of a 3 year program with 3 first year, 3 second year and 3 third year residents. As a result, he basically has NINE "free" employees that can help him out all the time. Therefore, he never has to perform his own paperwork pre or post operatively, and books several cases at a time. Therefore his day his "filled" and his time is well planned. Additionally, when he is back in the office to see these patients post operatively, he's got the residents to do his work while he can see other patients. His residents take off the casts, his residents remove the dressings, his residents take the post operative x-rays, his residents clean the wounds, his residents re-apply the dressings and casts, etc.
In a "normal" office this is very labor and time intensive and if the doctor is not performing these services he/she is PAYING a staff member to perform these services, therefore lessening the amount surgery "pays".
On the other hand, though E&M services pay less, while you are in the office you can simply perform more E&M services with low overhead, no global fee, etc.
There are also services such as orthoses and small office procedures that pay well vs. hospital surgery. Dollar for dollar, time for time there is probably no better procedure than a simple "P&A" for good income, great results and happy patients.
A well rounded practice is comprised of the full armamentrarium of services for our patients, and hopefully none of us will be strictly motivated by $$$$. So, although the actual surgical procedure does sometimes pay fairly well (depending on the insurance carrier) for the actual procedure, there are many factors involved that actually decrease that value when compared to other procedures performed in the office, when you consider the big picture.