1. Asking the 1st question is sort of a faux pas among EM residents since many consider the best program to be the one that fits your needs the best.
In addition, there are no clear "top 10" programs and most EM applicants tend to focus on program's location as much as program's curriculum.
That being said, there are a few programs that constantly come up whenever someone discusses EM residencies with great faculty and strong clinical training, these include: Academic programs (Cincinnati, Denver, Indiana, Pitt), County programs (USC, Highland, Cook, Hennepin) and Community programs (Carolinas and Christiana).
2. Yes. Nearly every program has opportunities and encourages resident participation in clinical research. A few have protected time and a required scholarly project prior to graduation.