I sent him my advice. Yes, I usually do recommend an IM fellowship in this situation, but my recommendation is a little more nuanced than that. People outside of IM don’t always realize how competitive certain IM fellowships can be. This often means you have to jump through hoops to prove your worthiness...in other words you might need to do research for a year. Pulm/CCM has increased in competitiveness in recent years and while not on GI and cardiology level, is no sure thing either. In some situations it is easier to get an anesthesia residency and you’ll be practicing sooner than if you would have done a 3 year pulm/CCM fellowship after a “research” year.
So yes, for hospitalists they should explore all options within IM (including primary care, which is a better situation than hospitalist), but it might make more sense to apply for anesthesia. For IM residents considering a switch, I recommend them pursuing an IM fellowship 100%.