OK, I was "paged" by a friend to this thread. Seems someone else said something about me too. I appreciate it. Gotta get the name out somehow.
I spent 3 years working in aerospace medicine doing work with astronauts and cosmonauts when I was working on my graduate degree in Space Studies. One of the reasons I'm pursuing an MD is because I needed it to continue my research. (I was only one of 10 people in the world working in the area of aerospace psychology. There are more doing general aerospace medicine which is what I would prefer to move into).
Most aerospace medicine doctors are not working with astronauts and instead are working with flight crews aboard airplanes. Pilots are supposed to get regular flight physicals and they should go to a doctor who is qualified to do a flight physical. Several of my friends are less interested in space and more interested in that aspect.
The area of aerospace medicine as a civilian doctor is pretty competitive unless you spend a lot of time in the military and then it's not nearly as competitive. Aerospace nurses apparently are in really hot demand though. Actually it is relatively hard to get into a civilian residency or fellowship in aerospace. The following civilian places are good and honesly are the only places I know of : UTMB (they have a joint residency in IM), Wright State, and the rumour is Mayo is going to bring something on-line soon... a fellowship I think they said. There are others that are military only.
I was told by a flight doc at NASA that you can be boarded in aerospace medicine without doing a residency, so I don't know what to make of that. Of course he is also the same person who said I was too old to go to medical school (I'm 29).
I know people who have been through rotations down at NASA on their way to becoming flight docs. I know several doctors at NASA who in all likelihood are teaching the rotation. In fact, one NASA person just contacted me a few weeks ago because he needed a new copy of a paper I coauthored a few years ago.
The lack of a shuttle program is unlikely to affect the need for aerospace doctors much. However, if space tourism ever happens, the need for qualified aerospace medicine is likely to increase.
If you have any questions, please feel free to PM me. I sometimes don't always see responses in threads.