Hey,
It's hard to explain this because I don't know how it developed, where it came from, and its largely subconscious. It certainly wasn't my own doing, it had to be a class or something.
Anyways, if I'm reading a novel for fun or a news article, I sort of "glance" over the words, without really "reading" the text. Short term comprehension is great, long term sucks, and if I try to recall an article or parts of the novel it's very general and ends up in terms like: "they found that amoeba grew veins linking the oats so that the veins mapped out the metro system in Japan" and "the wizards had a big battle and Sirius ends up dying by falling into a black hole thing". Details are lost and I'd have to re-read to get them. I do remember very well where certain pieces of information were. eg if I'm showing someone the article and need to find exactly where they said the basic conclusion I have an idea which paragraph its in, usually. Dissipates fast though.
On re-reading to pick up details, or if I'm reading something in philosophy (Karl Popper, Avital Ronell, even R. Dawkins, and J. Diamond's books), I actually read out the words in my head (not lips). I do this too as I type on forums, but "glance" as I read posts. That takes much more time to read through a text, but I retain a lot of it long term and have a deeper understanding of it.
Now, if I run into something (Karl Popper) very dense, I slow down further. Or if there's a hard word I'm not familiar with. Then I actually mouth the words out. If it's a concept I want/need to memorize I read it practically in whispers.
Tips on what might help: meet a friend who has similar interest, give yourself a few minutes to read an article of interest/benefit, discuss it after reading it "fast", then go back and read it slower and see what kinds of concepts you missed or pulled out. Practice further.
[edit] - as an example how details are lost I entirely lost the point of OP, reese.
Read slower, rephrase what you read in your head, and ideally rewrite it is the best way.
The first post is understood something like this on first "read".
_________ any tips ___ how ______ ___________ refraining from moving your lips _______ reading ______ increase speed _________ comprehension as well?