Okay, okay, okay. Obviously I have not made myself clear. I will try to make this really short and concise and I will also backtrack and admit defeat in some areas. First of all about the "no experience" thing on my part. Well, I don't need an MD to make value-based statements do I? I have values, the system either does or does not uphold them...it does not matter to me what the system actually looks like. I like to think I have a
little more credibility than that but let's say I have zero and move on since it does not really mater. In other news, I'm very glad to be living up to the "insufferable" part of my description again, it's been a while.
When I wrote the statement "noncompliance is a failure of the healthcare provider not the patient" I was thinking of the majority of noncompliance scenarios where the patient 1) does not understand the treatment 2) does not believe the treatment will work or 3) does not trust the physician enough to continue with treatment.
[citation needed, will add in future]
First, I see people have been confusing "fault" with "responsibility". Normally these two go hand in hand but medicine is inherently paternalistic; that is, there is an authority (the provider) who passes down a plan and then an individual has the choice whether or not to follow it but does not possess the ability to create a plan on their own. In this kind of relationship fault and responsibility do not go hand in hand.
E.g.: A child is a parent's responsibility. The parent does not go with the child to the school. The child picks a fight at school. The fight is the child's fault. The child chose to fight. The child is still the parent's responsibility. The parent is responsible for failing to teach that violence is not the answer. The fight is
still the child's fault. The child is autonomous.
E.g.: Your patient is your responsibility. Your patient chooses not to follow a treatment plan. Your patient dies. Secretly, the patient wanted to die anyways. It is the patient's fault that they are dead. The patient is still your responsibility. You are responsible for understanding your patient enough to notice whether they are or are not at risk.
Just like in any scenario with responsibility involved, however, you cannot always prevent something you are responsible for from going wrong. It is here that I concede that I was wrong. It would have been better to say that "
noncompliance is not necessarily a failure of the healthcare provider but most of the time it is." What do I mean by this? Let me explain.
I'll use adherence from now on because it is faster to type. Furthermore, "provider" includes nurses, mid-levels, etc.
Second, I'll show you that adherence is a
healthcare problem. If adherence is not at all the concern of the provider but rather completely dependent on the patient's cognitive process as some of you seem to claim then it is not, by definition, a
healthcare problem but a
personal problem. I do not believe this to be the case and if I am correct then the onus is on the healthcare provider to take responsibility for adherence.
From
Brown, Marie T., and Jennifer K. Bussell. “Medication Adherence: WHO Cares?” Mayo Clinic Proceedings 86.4 (2011): 304–314. PMC. Web. 21 June 2015.
- Approximately 50% of patients do not take medications as prescribed
- Medication adherence is not exclusively the responsibility of the patient
- Increasing adherence may have a greater effect on health than improvements in specific medical therapy
- Medication-taking behavior is complex and involves patient, physician, and process components
- Identification of nonadherence is challenging and requires specific interviewing skills
- Solutions include encouraging a “blame-free” environment, opting for less frequent dosing, improving patient education, assessing health literacy, and paying attention to rational nonadherence
- Many helpful Web-based resources are available
Those are some highlights from that review study. There are more like it from earlier years but this is the most recent review.
Look at bullet three. You can look at the article for supporting evidence, I'm just trying to be brief. If bullet points 1,3, and 6 are correct then adherence is
definitely a healthcare problem as it affects 1) a significant portion of the patient population, ruling out exclusively unique, one-off, or personal factors as being deterministic of adherence/non-adherence, 2) improving adherence would - quite obviously - have a positive effect on healthcare outcomes which are the primary concern of the health provider and 3) of the proposed solutions some of the options include strategies that explicitly involve the healthcare provider as the active player (namely, education, paying attention, assessing literacy and developing interviewing skills).
So adherence is a
healthcare problem. So what? We probably agreed on that to begin with. It doesn't change the fact that it is not a doctor's responsibility if someone chooses out of their own free, rational will to not give a **** about their health.
I concede this point to you but now I put this forth:
Which attitude is better for healthcare outcomes? If healthcare outcomes are the primary concern of the provider then should the attitude the provider holds not agree with the provider's goals?
Option A: Treatment adherence is entirely the responsibility of the patient.
This means that when you walk into the room you do your patient education bit, you explain what is going on to the best of your ability and then you just move on without addressing their concerns about their treatment or providing any sort of extra assessment of how likely they are to be adherent/non-adherent. If the patient adheres or not to the solution you have provided is totally on them.
Option B: Treatment adherence is entirely the responsibility of the healthcare provider.
The same as Option A is done but an assessment is also done by someone on the team to determine adherence likelihood and measures are taken to correct any concerning patterns that are found in the assessment (such as not believing in medicine to begin with, being suicidal, depression, addiction, etc.). If you do this and adherence outcomes do not improve for your practice then the onus is on you to continually improve your practice until adherence outcomes
do improve.
In this option you are continually improving as a provider based on new information, in option A you have already given up and let go of the responsibility. In other words you admit to yourself: "Yah, around 30-50% of the people I spent hundreds of thousands of dollars and years of my life to help are just idiots who don't care about themselves and that is that. Oh well, time to go home and not think about it again."
There is no reason to "feel bad" for having a non-adherent patient in either scenario. I don't even know how this got inserted into the conversation. I imagine it has something to do with "fault" and "guilt" and "responsibility" somehow being twisted. Should you feel bad for getting into your car every morning if you know the exhaust fumes are doing damage to the environment? The environment is, after all, our responsibility. If your car is absolutely necessary and it is a reasonable car I don't think you have any reason to feel bad even though you are still, technically, failing in your responsibility to the environment. If no other alternatives exist, what are you going to do? Feel bad all day? That doesn't make any sense whatsoever. Taking responsibility (as I said before) means that you acknowledge that you have a duty to something and then continually working towards that goal in spite of the challenges. Not taking responsibility is simply throwing your hands up and saying "Well, he hit me first" or "Well, I did everything I could" or "Well, I had no choice, I would've lost my job." That is
acting in bad faith; i.e, acting as if there were no alternative or no path to an alternative when there always is. Acting in bad faith is a failure of the moral imagination to conceive of a better state of affairs.
Ok, so maybe taking responsibility is a better attitude for professional development and healthcare outcomes but just because it may be
better, ethical or nice-sounding does not mean that it is true!
Fair enough. Consider this, again from the article:
Several patient-related factors, including
lack of understanding of their disease,46 lack of involvement in the treatment decision–making process,
47 an
d suboptimal medical literacy,
48 contribute to medication nonadherence. In the United States alone, an estimated 90 million adults have inadequate health literacy,
49 placing them at risk for increased rates of hospitalization and poorer clinical outcomes.
50,
51 The patient's health beliefs and attitudes concerning the effectiveness of the treatment, their previous experiences with pharmacological therapies, and lack of motivation also affect the degree of medication adherence.
3,
52,
53 Medication adherence continues to decline even after a catastrophic event such as a stroke (
Figure 1)
12; thus, it is not surprising that treating asymptomatic conditions to prevent the possible occurrence of adverse events years later presents an even greater challenge.
Specific factors identified as barriers to medication adherence among inner city patients with low socioeconomic status were high medication costs, lack of transportation, poor understanding of medication instructions, and long wait times at the pharmacy.
55 A lack of family or social support is also predictive of nonadherence,
52,
56,
57 as is poor mental health.
3,
53,
58 These findings are clinically relevant for patients with CVD because studies have shown that depression and anxiety are common in patients with coronary artery disease or stroke.
59-
61 Indeed, the poorer outcomes experienced by patients with depression and CVD may be due, at least in part, to poorer medication adherence by depressed patients.
62,
63
Of the
patient-related factors or, in other words, the factors that we do not expect have anything to do with the physician, the bolded are clearly factors that are either implicit or explicit responsibilities of the provider and the healthcare system.
Thus, while it is true that medical adherence is mostly in
the control of the patient it is the responsibility of the provider and the system to ensure that this control is exercised in the best manner possible - again, because of the paternalistic relationship - given that patient education and communication is intrinsically linked with likelihood of adherence.
So there you have it. While adherence is not necessarily the responsibility of the provider, assuming it is is a better approach for healthcare outcomes and, in all likelihood, the provider contribution to the complex problem of treatment adherence is significant enough in a given situation for this assumption to be correct.