How to break moderately bad news

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sonofva

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How do you guys start these conversations? Not things like "im sorry but your mom is dead." But things like "you have a broken bone/kidney stone/appendicitis" ... im trying to work on my finesse a bit.

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How do you guys start these conversations? Not things like "im sorry but your mom is dead." But things like "you have a broken bone/kidney stone/appendicitis" ... im trying to work on my finesse a bit.

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I may be insensitive, but especially with more minor stuff like this, I don't think there's anything gained by skirting around the subject. I would argue, the only difference between this and the more significant conversations (i.e. you have cancer, your mom is dead, etc), is that with those you have to lead up to the big news with hints that allow for, however brief, some psychological prep.

I think finesse/actual conveyance of empathy comes after the news is delivered through listening to the patient/family and giving them the opportunity to be heard. Plus making sure they fully understand what everything means.
 
How do you guys start these conversations? Not things like "im sorry but your mom is dead." But things like "you have a broken bone/kidney stone/appendicitis" ... im trying to work on my finesse a bit.

Sent from my SM-G930V using SDN mobile
Very matter-of-fact with an air of "well, shucks" to the conversation. Making anything more than that out of it only leads the patient to think they're worse off than they are.
 
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Note that we are only talking about the population of ED patients that actually have something wrong here.

If a patient like that comes to the ED, it is because either they, their friends, or their family think something bad is going on. The 20 year old with a "sprained ankle" is not going to show up in the ED. It is only when he realizes that something is wrong that he comes. Same think with the man who only thinks he has "indigestion."

So if these types of patients show up, they are already expecting bad news of some sort. It also helps to get them ready for it when you first see them and lay out a limited differential and plan for testing. The patent should not be completely unprepared when you give them the final diagnosis and treatment plan. That gives them time to digest it a bit. Then, when you give them the news, they are generally happy that they have an answer and their worst fears have not come true. If something very bad or unexpected comes up, then that is a different conversation from "moderately bad news."
 
Appendicitis/fracture/etc. isn't even moderately bad news in my mind. That's called "your diagnosis." Moderately bad news in my mind is the "you have cancer" talk or similar. There's no beating around the bush, just get to the diagnosis and the plan when you have a patient like that--i.e. we'll put you in a splint and you'll follow up with Ortho; Surgery will be in to see you, etc.
 
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Appendicitis/fracture/etc. isn't even moderately bad news in my mind. That's called "your diagnosis." Moderately bad news in my mind is the "you have cancer" talk or similar. There's no beating around the bush, just get to the diagnosis and the plan when you have a patient like that--i.e. we'll put you in a splint and you'll follow up with Ortho; Surgery will be in to see you, etc.
Have some vague recognition that the patient in front of you faces some hardship that you would not want yourself or a loved one to have. A sympathetic tone goes a long way. If you need extra credit, congratulating them on appropriately seeking medical attention (in a non-patronizing way) or a quick rundown of how the situation could have been worse (fortunately it doesn't appear perfed or the good news is that the blood vessels and nerves are working) should wrap things up.
 
It starts before you know what is going on.

I'm glad you came in so we can decrease your pain and try to figure what's going on.

On repeat eval when you have studies back, I'm glad you came in. You have x and this is what we are going to do next.

What questions do you have that I can try to answer?

I try to convince them that I am there to try to help them. If they think you care, the news generally goes over better.
 
*knock on the door*

Enter the room quietly.

Ask, "Hey, how are you feeling?" in a genuinely concerned voice. Maybe say, "Did the pain medicine make you feel any better?"

Wait for response.

State, "The radiologist and I took a look at your 'cat' scan and it looks like you do have appendicitis."

pause momentarily for effect.

"The good news is that while this does involve surgery, it is typically an easily treatable and curative disease. I've already spoken with the surgeon and we are going to give you some antibiotics, continue to treat your pain, and admit you to the hospital for surgery tomorrow. Remember not to eat or drink anything after midnight. Do you have any questions or anything else that you need at this time?"

The key is being genuine and calm with the patient. From the beginning of the encounter all your body language and vocal tone needs to relay that everything is going to be fine and no matter what happens they are getting the best care possible. Always address pain. Smile at family members. Imagine you are an airline pilot and the patient is a passenger. They are going to "fly with you" for a few hours.

No matter what happens, as the physician, you know whats going on and how to manage it. Turbulence, appendicitis, STEMI, respiratory failure.. these are all just normal expected things that happen in the ER. If you feel this way internally your natural body language and vocal tone will convey that sentiment to the patient and there will be a calming effect.

The art of medicine.
 
How do you guys start these conversations? Not things like "im sorry but your mom is dead." But things like "you have a broken bone/kidney stone/appendicitis" ... im trying to work on my finesse a bit.

Sent from my SM-G930V using SDN mobile

appendicitis: just call surgery and let them tell the patient.
broken bone: let the ED EMT/Tech tell them as they're placing the splint.
kidney stone: "You have a kidney stone."

EZPZ
 
*knock on the door*

Enter the room quietly.

Ask, "Hey, how are you feeling?" in a genuinely concerned voice. Maybe say, "Did the pain medicine make you feel any better?"

Wait for response.

State, "The radiologist and I took a look at your 'cat' scan and it looks like you do have appendicitis."

pause momentarily for effect.

"The good news is that while this does involve surgery, it is typically an easily treatable and curative disease. I've already spoken with the surgeon and we are going to give you some antibiotics, continue to treat your pain, and admit you to the hospital for surgery tomorrow. Remember not to eat or drink anything after midnight. Do you have any questions or anything else that you need at this time?"

The key is being genuine and calm with the patient. From the beginning of the encounter all your body language and vocal tone needs to relay that everything is going to be fine and no matter what happens they are getting the best care possible. Always address pain. Smile at family members. Imagine you are an airline pilot and the patient is a passenger. They are going to "fly with you" for a few hours.

No matter what happens, as the physician, you know whats going on and how to manage it. Turbulence, appendicitis, STEMI, respiratory failure.. these are all just normal expected things that happen in the ER. If you feel this way internally your natural body language and vocal tone will convey that sentiment to the patient and there will be a calming effect.

The art of medicine.

I feel like I just watched a new-hire training video after reading your response. 😛
 
Appendicitis or kidney stone is not what I'd consider moderately bad, but maybe my empathy was left in my other jacket.

Moderately bad is "you have a mass on your pancreas". I try to be as honest as possible with people in that situation. I tell them the findings aren't good, I tell them what they have, and I will say that although they need a workup to be sure, and I hope I get proven wrong, it is highly suspicious for cancer. People don't know the words "lesion, malignancy, mass, abnormal finding", but they know the word cancer.

The way I figure, that is the level of honesty I would like for myself or for any of my family members.
 
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How do you guys start these conversations? Not things like "im sorry but your mom is dead." But things like "you have a broken bone/kidney stone/appendicitis" ... im trying to work on my finesse a bit.

Sent from my SM-G930V using SDN mobile

Consider offering a non terminal diagnosis as "good news" in that we now have an answer for your question...
 
I don't sugar coat it. Never had a problem. People are usually happy that I have a diagnosis for their symptoms (as opposed to the "sorry, the 30th CT scan you've had in the last 2 years continues to provide no answer for your chronic pelvic pain")
 
I don't sugar coat it. Never had a problem. People are usually happy that I have a diagnosis for their symptoms (as opposed to the "sorry, the 30th CT scan you've had in the last 2 years continues to provide no answer for your chronic pelvic pain")

Chronic pelvic pain? Thats a funny way to spell "depression"

(this comment works better for "fibromyalgia" and "interstitial cystitis", but apparently a decent chunk of chronic pelvic pain is probably depression and/or responsive to only anti-depressants)
 
2011-01-10-doctor-cat.jpg
 
"So, we know what's causing your pain. It looks like you have..."
 
After my H+P I usually take a minute or two to tell the patient about the workup and I try to give the best and worst case scenarios. Your patients aren't stupid, they have most likely already googled their symptoms/injury and have a better differential than you do. Honesty and a plan will ingratiate you with most reasonable people.
 
most likely already googled their symptoms/injury and have a better differential than you do. Honesty and a plan will ingratiate you with most reasonable people.

Honesty and a plan, yes, but I'm not sure googling equals a "better differential" if the doc in question is thinking even a little.
 
Your patients aren't stupid
Did you keep a straight face when you typed that? Not belittling, but, honestly, the ED pts are not he brightest. I got a great piece of advice about 10 years ago - a colleague told me to always give the "easy to read" instructions, and even THOSE might not be easy to read for many ED pts. As I've said, the only time we see "normal people" in the ED is when they suffer trauma, ranging from cut fingers to rolling their cars, or they have crushing chest pain.

As they Google their signs and symptoms, their other windows are on TMZ and PopSugar or whatever popular dreck there is. It's one thing to look, but quite another to see.
 
After my H+P I usually take a minute or two to tell the patient about the workup and I try to give the best and worst case scenarios. Your patients aren't stupid, they have most likely already googled their symptoms/injury and have a better differential than you do. Honesty and a plan will ingratiate you with most reasonable people.

1) a large percentage of pts are dumb as rocks

2) a large differential from the webmd symptom checker does not equal a "better" differential.


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