Well ---
1) For whatever system/subset of the system you're studying, make sure you have a good grasp of the big picture. it's way too easy to get stuck down deep in the histopathology or whatever and miss the overall concept. How you do that is up to you. Understand the organization. This is where a pathoma or path review comes in handy -- second year is usually all about path and treatment.
2) repetition is the mother of skill --- there's something about putting pencil/pen to paper and taking your own notes in a way you understand them that locks things in the brain. At TCOM, we were "advised" to read Robbins and "outline". The system/subset stated with a 1 hour overview with PPTs about what was considered salient. I never really picked up on that and suffered greatly. So, learn from my mistakes (although not having a strong clinical background (I.e. former PA) it's hard to say it was a mistake) -- think about medicine logically -- when a patient presents, there are certain ways to develop a ddx -- first is age -- what's most likely to hit what population ages -- things that happen in a 20 year old will be less likely in a 50 year old -- then learn the disease by gender -- 40 y/o F vs 40 y/o M -- then learn race based --- that helps you get your large categories out of the way. Once you get that down, then start with the basics -- etiology, pathophys, histology, common presentation, things that differentiate this disease from others close to it and finally, basics of treatment.
Wash, rinse, repeat
3) Outline -- more like take notes very well -- if you spend the time doing a formal Roman Numeral outline, you're toast. Do not buy others notes as they're not yours and you'll spend more time figuring out the nomenclature, plus you're got a different base you're starting from so what's important to you is not important to them. Write down only that which you don't already know or have a hard time remembering.
4) after about 4 passes of fleshing out the notes, you should have a pretty solid study guide -- then get to remembering that thing and working practice questions before the exam......
Get ready for a long year of wash, rinse, repeat ----
Breaking the disease down from who likely gets it, when do they get it, how does it cause a problem, what are the distinguishing features, what else could it be (mimicry) and how do I fix it tends to be useful.....
Enjoy ---