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There is also a racial gap, which different people will attribute to different things, but it can be noted that infant mortality amongst caucasian babies in the US is as good as it is anywhere:
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5127a1.htm
You link doesn't support your point. It only talks about neonatal outcomes by race in the US, no other countries. You can't say its as good as anywhere unless you're comparing it to anywhere.
Also, 12% of US infants are premature:
http://www.emedicine.com/PED/topic1889.htm
Are you saying that's better or worse than other nations?
I can't find any rates for Canada anywhere, but you could enlighten me if you know. I know that this rate has gone up 30% in the US over the last decade, probably in part due to redefining prematurity vs. stillbirth and the increase in multiple gestations due to IVF and other fertility treatment.
Canada's rate went up with a similar redefinition problem in 1993. Like yourself I've had a hard time coming up with Canadian data. But one of my favorite links is nationmaster.com. Choose health and then you can choose parameters.
Also, according to the WHO: Under-5 mortality in Canada is 6 vs. 8 in the US (VERY MINOR DIFFERENCE). A full 45% can be attributed to prematurity in the US, vs. 38% in Canada.
Whether you consider the difference minor or major is all relative. If a 2 point difference is very minor, then the US has a very minor difference in infant mortality than south korean, lithuania and estonia, which are likewise around 2 points lower than the US. Going the other direction, Canada is only 2 points behind the very best country in the world estimated to be Japan unless you count Hong Kong which is even better. Of course that doesn't account for all the factors we've discussed but the point is that yes all western and some eastern countries are in the general grouping of 'less than 8'. If you want to group and say it doesn't matter then fine, but you're flip-flopping from a minute ago when you posted about the infant mortality in >24 and 500g babies being relevant for comparison. You'll need to decide then if you do, or do not, believe a few points difference is significant. If you do not, then you can't claim any advantages of the US system in any area over other western countries, since they're all relatively close. If you do, then you have to accept that improved rates in non-US countries may mean something as well.
This is a difference of less than one. You can call this "worse" if you want, but it probably makes no real difference in the real world. The main point is that these numbers don't get better by socializing.
But that's not what its about. The argument rarely starts with someone trying to prove Canada is better. It starts when an American makes the claim that for sure those numbers would get way worse by socializing. The evidence suggests they improve, or using your most recent number-grouping perspective, at least stay the same.
And according to Blueprints Pediatrics (Yes, I'm on that clerkship now), Gestational Age Adjusted Infant Mortality is one of the best in the world in the US (how a baby born at a particular gestational age fairs), I can't find statistics comparing rates of gestational age prematurity, probably because they don't exist. I wouldn't hedge an entire healthcare system on a difference in mortality of 0.7.
You're kind of stealing from Peter to pay Paul here. If a baby at a given gestational age fares better in the US, but infant mortality overall is better in Canada even accounting for stillbirth vs mortality discrepancies, then the conclusion must be that more infants are born pre-mature in the states, disproportionately skewing the numbers. If so, that's another condemnation of the US system, would apparently does not optimize the pre-birth status of its pregnant mothers as well as the Canadian system does.
But anyway there are other health indicators that are better in Canada. For example Canada has a higher rate of measles immunization in infants, more acute care beds per capita, more hospital beds overall per capita, lower percentage of life lived with ill health, lower maternal mortality and lower probability of dying before 60. Some of those are stats about health outcomes, some about access to care. What's more important to the person asking the question will determine where they believe the best for health is. If you believe that access to a same-day MRI on an elective basis is important, the US if for you. If you believe your likelihood to have chronic disease or die in childbirth is more important, then statistically Canada is a safer bet.
You can't only look at health care from the point of view of a single individual in a single situation. You have to consider the whole population as the beneficiary of a health system, and how that system's entire program or approach addresses the health needs of its population. Consider that your neighbor's health is your health, because a sick neighbor is going to be a poor neighbor, and thus a neighbor more likely to be unsuccessful and tending to steal or resort to a life of crime. The increasing crime affects your financial status because you need more money for more security, more police etc.