Everything, I mean everything, that can somehow be a datapoint for a student from premed thru medical student into residency, board certification, practice, etc is gathered, surveyed, analyzed, and reported.
The four year graduation rate for over the past 20 years is 81%-84% rising to 96% over 6 years and inching to 97% in 7 years. The majority of these delays are due to non academic reasons such as family leave, research or other projects, etc.
From 1996-97 until 2016-2017 the attrition rate from allopathic medical schools remained stable at 3.2% with the majority of those leaving for non-academic reasons. Therefore 1.5% or less of students who begin medical will ultimately fail out due to academic performance. Overall nearly 97% who begin allopathic medical school will earn their MD degree, Osteopathic numbers are very similar to the above
As for the OPs statement that 25 of 186 students Or 13% of a class “fail out” or are required to repeat first year it is not a weedout. In fact, it is quite the opposite. Medical schools want to have their students graduate. Since medical schools live by their reputation for residency placement, and live by the graduation rate for re-accreditation by the LCME, they will give all matriculated student almost every opportunity to repair weak academic performance. In the 1960s through the 1980s many schools required the bottom quarter of their first year classes to sit through summer school after first year to make sure they were up to speed. That usually is no longer possible with scheduling.
However, in this day and age, I cannot imagine any medical school with more than a 10% academic first year, repeat rate not to have a huge red flag over it from the LCME. However, it would not surprise me that that half or more of these alleged repeat students are those who voluntarily withdrew unable to make the first year adjustment successfully. This may not simply be due to academic concerns, but also family/living/logistics of life. Some schools are, shall we say, aggressive and pushing low performing students to voluntarily withdraw as this, then, does not show up as an academic failure.
from personal experience, I would often hear from my acceptees the first few weeks of medical school calling in a panic that they are in over their heads. A dean I spoke to some years ago told me his rule of thumb is that at least half the class will come to him at some point and say they can’t hack it, it’s too much. by the way, the same thing happens when people start residency. I have two former students call me this season and both essentially saying they learn nothing in medical school and they are frauds.