Lol, nice.
You learn the process, not necessarily a set something.
Basic BIN, PCN, ID, group number gathering are easy - ask for the patient's card. If the patient doesn't have their card, that's not necessarily something that needs to be learned ... you need the card, or some piece of information that will lead to the info you need (another pharmacy's phone that has it on file, the help desk number at the insurance, etc.).
Calling an insurance company just takes a special kind of patience, one that many never master (how can you be patient with a mindless insurance help desk minion who reads a script?).
Each system is different (RiteAid's GenRx, NRx, whatever CVS/walgreens/kroger/giant eagle/target etc use) with how they handle the info. Somehow you link the insurance to the patient so when you run the Rx it is billed.
Rejects - just read the reject and it tells you what needs to be done. Prior auth - ask the pharmacy what their process is. Refill too soon - tell the patient it's till soon (it will tell you the date mostly), etc.