Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[anniemirza]

what hormone responsible for producing milk in mammary glands
prolactin ------ANSWER
oxytocin
i jst that oxytocin has milk letdown reflex so is prolactin the rite answer

what is sympathetic end organ??------Read somewhr its skin......not sure thou.
storage form of thyroid hormone ...is it thyroglobulin----yes its thyroglobulin

...........

 

[Cindrella]

Are exotoxins synonymous with enterotoxin ... ???

 

[anniemirza]

Are exotoxins synonymous with enterotoxin ... ???

Enterotoxin and exotoxin are two classes of toxin that are produced by bacteria.
http://www.enotes.com/microbiology-encyclopedia/enterotoxin-exotoxin

 

[Cindrella]

yep anniemirza i'm aware of that... thanks for the link... My exam is nearing and have no time to read the entire link... but as i could infer with a split second glimpse ....

Enterotoxin and neurotoxins fall under the category of exotoxins... hope i am right 🙂

thank you 🙂

 

[anniemirza]

yep anniemirza i'm aware of that... thanks for the link... My exam is nearing and have no time to read the entire link... but as i could infer with a split second glimpse ....

Enterotoxin and neurotoxins fall under the category of exotoxins... hope i am right 🙂

thank you 🙂

yup-u r right....inbrief :
An exotoxin is a toxin that is produced by a bacterium and then released from the cell into the surrounding environment
An enterotoxin is a type of exotoxin that acts on the intestinal wall.

 

[anniemirza]

yep anniemirza i'm aware of that... thanks for the link... My exam is nearing and have no time to read the entire link... but as i could infer with a split second glimpse ....

Enterotoxin and neurotoxins fall under the category of exotoxins... hope i am right 🙂

thank you 🙂

post in wadever doubts u have Cindrella and all others whoz exm is near...i can refer it for u 🙂👍

 

[pb2007]

👍
i don't have any idea about sympathetic end organ

thanku so much elmos n anniemirza
i too read its skin in some old thread but coculdnt verify it .

 

[anniemirza]

thanku so much elmos n anniemirza
i too read its skin in some old thread but coculdnt verify it .

Hey pb2007 ...did sm more research n found that sympathetic end organs can be anything....skin,glands,muscles etc.

 

[teethie]

HI ANNIE: THANK U SOO MUCH FOR YOUR OFFER👍

post in wadever doubts u have Cindrella and all others whoz exm is near...i can refer it for u 🙂👍

 

[teethie]

READ THIS, IT IS MANY MANY THINGS NOT ONLY SKIN.


http://books.google.ca/books?id=YYU...=onepage&q=SYMPATHETIC END ORGAN SKIN&f=false

thanku so much elmos n anniemirza
i too read its skin in some old thread but coculdnt verify it .

 

[teethie]

pb2007, if you are asking in terms of adrenergic receptors, then here is the link.

http://books.google.ca/books?id=d1n...e receptor level&pg=PA277#v=onepage&q&f=false

can anyone plz clarify this doubt


2 how epinephrine raises blood glucose level at receptor level??

 

[teethie]

elmos, just not to repeat again otherwise others will feel bore, but read my post for pb2007, same goes for you too.
just extra line to say you:
first attempt is never bad, second attempt is more scary because you have to cross above your previous score. so do not worry, u will be all good.👍👍

i'm also feeling depressed when i see these questions , it's my first experience with nbde exam i hope it's not like this.😕

 

[elmos]

thks teethie hope so. thks amnerizia for ur help
what's the first step in pathogenesis of herpes virus?

 

[pb2007]

pb2007, if you are asking in terms of adrenergic receptors, then here is the link.

http://books.google.ca/books?id=d1n...e receptor level&pg=PA277#v=onepage&q&f=false



[/B]

thanku so much teethie ,i wasted lot of time lukin of it but couldnt find much .
thanks annie,finally the mysery for sympathetic organ is solved👍

 

[Cindrella]

post in wadever doubts u have Cindrella and all others whoz exm is near...i can refer it for u 🙂👍

Thanks a lot anniemirza .. really appreciate your help 👍

 

[pb2007]

👍

Thanks a lot anniemirza .. really appreciate your help 👍

 

[anniemirza]

thks teethie hope so. thks amnerizia for ur help
what's the first step in pathogenesis of herpes virus?

1st stage-primary infection-man is the only host-->>vesicle formation in mucus membrane-->>initially local-->>later spreads to craniospinal ganglia.

 

[pb2007]

thks teethie hope so. thks amnerizia for ur help
what's the first step in pathogenesis of herpes virus?[/QU
....

 

[anniemirza]

READ THIS, IT IS MANY MANY THINGS NOT ONLY SKIN.


http://books.google.ca/books?id=YYU...=onepage&q=SYMPATHETIC END ORGAN SKIN&f=false

GUD one ...thanx.

 

[elmos]

1st stage-primary infection-man is the only host-->>vesicle formation in mucus membrane-->>initially local-->>later spreads to craniospinal ganglia.

thks anniemirza.

 

[anniemirza]

thks teethie hope so. thks amnerizia for ur help
what's the first step in pathogenesis of herpes virus?[/QU
....

U were rt pb2007 abt herpes...(the one u jus edited)...v always hv 2 try...doesnt matter if its wrong or right....dats how v learn.ull rmbr the ansr all ur life .🙂🙂

 

[pb2007]

U were rt pb2007 abt herpes...(the one u jus edited)...v always hv 2 try...doesnt matter if its wrong or right....dats how v learn.ull rmbr the ansr all ur life .🙂🙂

annie i saw ur post n then thought i should have checked the very meaning of pathogenesis before jst coming up with anything so edited the whole thing.
but u r rite we learn frm our mistakes,atleast i wont forget the very basic meaning of pathogenesis.

 

[anniemirza]

annie i saw ur post n then thought i should have checked the very meaning of pathogenesis before jst coming up with anything so edited the whole thing.
but u r rite we learn frm our mistakes,atleast i wont forget the very basic meaning of pathogenesis.

👍👍👍

 

[pb2007]

plz help me understand ,i'm dont get what these notes say.
a lesion in any part of lower motor nueron will result in hypotonic muscle stretch reflexes and a reduction in muscle tone because lower motor nuerons form the motor component of the reflex .

nuerollogically nuppermotornueron including corticospinal tract have net inhibitory effect on muscle stretch ,so reflexes are hypertonic or hyperactive .

i dont get it why lower motor neuron lesions show hypo n why upper ones show hyperactivity of muscles.

 

[anniemirza]

plz help me understand ,i'm dont get what these notes say.
a lesion in any part of lower motor nueron will result in hypotonic muscle stretch reflexes and a reduction in muscle tone because lower motor nuerons form the motor component of the reflex .

nuerollogically nuppermotornueron including corticospinal tract have net inhibitory effect on muscle stretch ,so reflexes are hypertonic or hyperactive .

i dont get it why lower motor neuron lesions show hypo n why upper ones show hyperactivity of muscles.

In simple words,the UMN carry information from brain centers that control the muscles of the body.In LMN lesion we see hypotonicity of muscles,decreased muscle reflex, muscle atrophy etc because the nerve carrying the impulses (corticospinal tracts) is hampered effecting its function...causing flaccidity.Whereas in UMN lesion the nerve undergoes hyperexcitability causing increased tone and reflexes as there is no inhibitory effect on it.

 

[pb2007]

In simple words,the UMN carry information from brain centers that control the muscles of the body.So in LMN lesion we see hypotonicity of muscles,decreased muscle reflex, muscle atrophy etc because the nerve carrying the impulses (corticospinal tracts) is hampered effecting its function...causing flaccidity.Whereas in LMN lesion the nerve undergoes hyperexcitability causing increased tone and reflexes as there is no inhibitory effect on it.

thanku annie,u made it so simple to understand 👍,i got it
but plz correct the 3rd last line someone else might be confused .u wrote LMN .

 

[teethie]

But I still dont understand it👎 can u explain in simplest words .

thanku annie,u made it so simple to understand 👍,i got it
but plz correct the 3rd last line someone else might be confused .u wrote LMN .

 

[bratdoc]

Hi everyone!!!
Finally Gave me exam!!!
I would like to thank all SDNers on this thread who helped me clear many doubts especially Teethie, pb2007, cindrella and everyone regular on this thread!
Now about the exam... First of all know the basics, and not only for just physio/biochem but also for ALL the subjects!! There are only just a few straightforward questions, rest of them test you for the knowledge of your basics! i feel that if your concepts are right you will be fine!! Before my exam i heard people say that the exam is much tougher than ASDA etc. and it used to make me scared But what i feel is that since everyone who does the ASDA starts of with the earlier papers and then gradually moves on to the next and then to the next so pretty much the same style is carried forward in the ASDA's later papers so this makes the ASDA exams look easier than the actual exam. But that is not the case... it is just that imho i found the style of questions a little different than the practice papers..
Coming back to the being clear about the basics.. i say this because i feel that amongst the answer choices you might be be able to exclude 2-3 options but then in the end there are almost always 2 such choices which might confuse you a bit.. so if you are not clear about some concepts you might find it hard to choose between the two....
As for the time, i felt the time was enough to think about the answer choices, complete the exam and then revise your answers a bit..(this does not mean you crawl like a snail through the questions 😛 .. its just that maintain your normal pace and DO NOT rush through)
I enjoyed being on this thread and will still stick around for a while..
All of you who have their exam coming up remember the most important thing is to REVISE!!
All the Best!👍

 

[Cindrella]

thanks a lot fr your feedback bratdoc ... good luck with your results !

 

[Cindrella]

In which of the following organs or tissues are ascending infections common?

1. Bone
2. Kidney
3. Heart
4. Peritoneum
5. Subcutaneous connective tissue

🙁
Ascending infections ???

 

[bratdoc]

Thanks Cindrella

In which of the following organs or tissues are ascending infections common?

1. Bone
2. Kidney---ANSWER
3. Heart
4. Peritoneum
5. Subcutaneous connective tissue

🙁
Ascending infections ???

Ascending infections- from what i understand they are asking about "ascending" in the sense that UTIs start from the urethral opening and "ascend" up the urinary tract to infect the kidneys

 

[Svetlana]

Thanks Cindrella


Ascending infections- from what i understand they are asking about "ascending" in the sense that UTIs start from the urethral opening and "ascend" up the urinary tract to infect the kidneys

Agree!

Thanks Bratdoc for feedback!
8 days more and will share my experience too!!!😉

 

[bratdoc]

Agree!

Thanks Bratdoc for feedback!
8 days more and will share my experience too!!!😉

All the Best!👍

 

[Svetlana]

Bartdoc,i have a Q!
Do we need to go to details about protein synthesis(as in kaplan notes):signal peptides,signal recognition particles and so on.
This molecular biology drives me crazy!!!!

 

[bratdoc]

Bartdoc,i have a Q!
Do we need to go to details about protein synthesis(as in kaplan notes):signal peptides,signal recognition particles and so on.
This molecular biology drives me crazy!!!!

Cant really tell you whats on it or whats not😀 and also cant really say what they might ask.. because there were a few questions from different subjects (at least 5-6 maybe) in which i had ABSOLUTELY NO IDEA what they were talking about!!
But what i can tell you is whatever you learn just have the concepts right!! You should do well!!

 

[Svetlana]

Cant really tell you whats on it or whats not😀 and also cant really say what they might ask.. because there were a few questions from different subjects (at least 5-6 maybe) in which i had ABSOLUTELY NO IDEA what they were talking about!!
But what i can tell you is whatever you learn just have the concepts right!! You should do well!!

Thanks so much!!!
These last days are like nightmare!!!
Reviewing everything like crazy!

 

[Cindrella]

thanks bratdoc.. when u get time could u look into pb2007's doubt about how epinephrine raises blood glucose at receptor level . i.e pls explain in simple terminology. Another Q by pb2007 regarding the charge of glutamate at ph 1 .... will it be -1 ?? and whats the relation with ph ?? thank you 🙂

Can smbdy pls explain the pathogenesis that would cause Carcinoma of liver after ingestion of food contaminated with aspergillus !!

I thought it should have been Ca of Intestines or something.... but ASDA says Liver !

thanks in advance

 

[Cindrella]

difference between sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait ???

 

[Svetlana]

thanks bratdoc.. when u get time could u look into pb2007's doubt about how epinephrine raises blood glucose at receptor level . i.e pls explain in simple terminology. Another Q by pb2007 regarding the charge of glutamate at ph 1 .... will it be -1 ?? and whats the relation with ph ?? thank you 🙂

Can smbdy pls explain the pathogenesis that would cause Carcinoma of liver after ingestion of food contaminated with aspergillus !!

I thought it should have been Ca of Intestines or something.... but ASDA says Liver !

thanks in advance

The pathogenesis is through Aflatoxin of Asp.flavus

 

[Svetlana]

difference between sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait ???

Well,i believe it's genetic.
Trait-heterozygote
disease-homo

 

[teethie]

@bratdoc:
Thank you bratdoc for sharing your feedback. wish you all the best for scores👍👍👍👍👍👍👍

 

[teethie]

any toxins of body ultimately metabolise in liver,therefore ingestion of aflatoxins cause Ca of liver.

thanks bratdoc.. when u get time could u look into pb2007's doubt about how epinephrine raises blood glucose at receptor level . i.e pls explain in simple terminology. Another Q by pb2007 regarding the charge of glutamate at ph 1 .... will it be -1 ?? and whats the relation with ph ?? thank you 🙂

Can smbdy pls explain the pathogenesis that would cause Carcinoma of liver after ingestion of food contaminated with aspergillus !!

I thought it should have been Ca of Intestines or something.... but ASDA says Liver !

thanks in advance

 

[pb2007]

Hi everyone!!!
Finally Gave me exam!!!
I would like to thank all SDNers on this thread who helped me clear many doubts especially Teethie, pb2007, cindrella and everyone regular on this thread!
Now about the exam... First of all know the basics, and not only for just physio/biochem but also for ALL the subjects!! There are only just a few straightforward questions, rest of them test you for the knowledge of your basics! i feel that if your concepts are right you will be fine!! Before my exam i heard people say that the exam is much tougher than ASDA etc. and it used to make me scared But what i feel is that since everyone who does the ASDA starts of with the earlier papers and then gradually moves on to the next and then to the next so pretty much the same style is carried forward in the ASDA's later papers so this makes the ASDA exams look easier than the actual exam. But that is not the case... it is just that imho i found the style of questions a little different than the practice papers..
Coming back to the being clear about the basics.. i say this because i feel that amongst the answer choices you might be be able to exclude 2-3 options but then in the end there are almost always 2 such choices which might confuse you a bit.. so if you are not clear about some concepts you might find it hard to choose between the two....
As for the time, i felt the time was enough to think about the answer choices, complete the exam and then revise your answers a bit..(this does not mean you crawl like a snail through the questions 😛 .. its just that maintain your normal pace and DO NOT rush through)
I enjoyed being on this thread and will still stick around for a while..
All of you who have their exam coming up remember the most important thing is to REVISE!!
All the Best!👍

thanks for your feedback bratdoc and all the very best for your result.

 

[pb2007]

any toxins of body ultimately metabolise in liver,therefore ingestion of aflatoxins cause Ca of liver.

what is the net charge on glutamic acid at a ph of 1
+2
+1
0
-1
-2
bratdoc ,can you explain this ,how to tackle such ques.

 

[Cindrella]

Does granulation tissue contain nerve fibres and endothlial cells as well ?? ASDA keeps changing their answers in different releases 😕

 

[Cindrella]

Thanks teethie and svetlana ...

i guess i never even thought of metabolizing those toxins... ** sigh **

 

[pb2007]

Does granulation tissue contain nerve fibres and endothlial cells as well ?? ASDA keeps changing their answers in different releases 😕

according to wikipedia endothelial cells are present but no idea abt nerve fibres

Vascularization
It is necessary for a network of blood vessels to be established as soon as possible to provide the growing tissue with nutrients, to take away cellular wastes, and transport new leukocytes to the area. Fibroblasts, the main cells that deposit granulation tissue, depend on oxygen to proliferate and lay down the new extracellular matrix.
In vascularisation, also called angiogenesis, endothelial cells quickly grow into the tissue from older, intact blood vessels. These branch out in a systematic way, forming anastomoses with other vessels.
v

 

[teethie]

i think endothelial cells are there but nerve fibres no idea...

Does granulation tissue contain nerve fibres and endothlial cells as well ?? ASDA keeps changing their answers in different releases 😕

 

[pb2007]

according to wikipedia endothelial cells are present but no idea abt nerve fibres

Vascularization
It is necessary for a network of blood vessels to be established as soon as possible to provide the growing tissue with nutrients, to take away cellular wastes, and transport new leukocytes to the area. Fibroblasts, the main cells that deposit granulation tissue, depend on oxygen to proliferate and lay down the new extracellular matrix.
In vascularisation, also called angiogenesis, endothelial cells quickly grow into the tissue from older, intact blood vessels. These branch out in a systematic way, forming anastomoses with other vessels.
v

i looked around a bit , i think nerve fibres should'nt be there,what is asda key says n which ques are you refereing to .

 

[Cindrella]

i looked around a bit , i think nerve fibres should'nt be there,what is asda key says n which ques are you refereing to .

I have been doing pathology asda papers... when i posted that Q i was doing 1988 one... there the option said Granulation tissue contains fibroblasts and epitheliod cells ... and my answer of fibroblasts and nerve fibre was incorrect

But, before that when i was doing 1984 or 1986 paper , the correct option was fibroblasts and nerve fibres... so now i am confused !!

I'm sorry i 'll not be able to relocate Q number precisely... will look for it in a while and post it if i find it...