Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[Cindrella]

The most prominent cingulum is found on which incisor?
A. Maxillary central
B. Maxillary lateral Agree 👍
C. Mandibular central
D. Mandibular lateral

Can somebody pls confirm with wheelers... i have a feeling it should be A but the answer is supposed to be B

Can someone pls tell me a little about Talon's cusp... i don't own a wheelers 🙁

 

[Svetlana]

Because cellulose bond is between glucose and glucose
and lactose bond is between glucose and galactose
I used to have the same confusion earlier!! These little things help you understand the basics!!

Thanks!!!

 

[Svetlana]

Teethy:Reg; early eruption, it is in hyperthyroidism. but this has nothing to do with plummer disease. it is assocaited with iron deficiency.
and hashimotos is:
In Hashimoto's, antibodies react against proteins in the thyroid gland, causing gradual destruction of the gland itself, and making the gland unable to produce the thyroid hormones the body needs.

I think you are confusing Plummers with Plummer Vinson!!!!
Plummers-early exfoliation of primary dentition and early eruption of permanent.
Plummer Vinson-Iron def+esophageal webs

 

[Svetlana]

Hi!
I think i over studied,coz now i came up with this Q.
beta oxidation of palmitic acid(C16) yields 8 acetyl CoA+7 NADH+7FADH2

Why "7"???????
If per each cycle we get 1 acetyl CoA+1 NADH+1 FADH2

Where do we loose nadh and fadh2????

Can smb help...
You will not believe,but i was crying yesterday on this Q!!!
Where do we loose these damn NADH and FADH2???
5 days left and im going crazy!
I think i forgot all the basics...

 

[Cindrella]

Embrasures:
Facial embrasures are narrower than lingual embrasures on all teeth except the maxillary first molar (where the facial embrasure is wider) and between the mandibular centrals (where the facial and lingual embrasures may be the same size).

The largest incisal embrasure is between the maxillary lateral and canine.
The 2nd largest incisal embrasure is between the mandibular lateral & canine.
The 3rd largest incisal embrasure is between the maxillary central and lateral.
The 4th largest incisal embrasure is between the maxillary centrals.
The 5th largest incisal embrasure is between the mandibular central & lateral.
The 6th largest (smallest) incisal embrasure is between the mandibular centrals.
The largest OVERALL occlusal embrasure is between the maxillary canine and first pre-molar, but we shouldn't be comparing anteriors (apples) and posteriors (oranges).

Is this info correct ??? PLs confirm

 

[Cindrella]

Can smb help...
You will not believe,but i was crying yesterday on this Q!!!
Where do we loose these damn NADH and FADH2???
5 days left and im going crazy!
I think i forgot all the basics...

I"m sorry svetlana i have no clue about that 🙁 i wish i cd help but no idea at all 🙁

 

[Cindrella]

Teethy:Reg; early eruption, it is in hyperthyroidism. but this has nothing to do with plummer disease. it is assocaited with iron deficiency.
and hashimotos is:
In Hashimoto's, antibodies react against proteins in the thyroid gland, causing gradual destruction of the gland itself, and making the gland unable to produce the thyroid hormones the body needs.

I think you are confusing Plummers with Plummer Vinson!!!!
Plummersisn't this also k/a toxic nodular goitre- TNG-early exfoliation of primary dentition and early eruption of permanent.
Plummer Vinson-Iron def+esophageal webs

--

 

[Cindrella]

ok , this is a weird doubt but i was browsing something on the internet yesterday and i came across this stuff that-

Peptide hormones are synthesized in the RER
Steroid hormones are synthesized in SER

DO it remember this right ? i don't know where i read it so i can't confirm ...can someone pls tell me if this is true !

Another doubt,
Enamel lamella is mentioned as uncalcified in Kaplan and as hypocalcified somewhere else... ( not sure where ! its in my notes )

Enamel spindles are hypocalcified right ??
Hypocalcified enamel rods which enter into enamel from the DEJ are known as:
A. enamel spindles
B. enamel tufts .. ANSWER ! why 🙁 these are meant to be individual entities
C. enamel lamellae
D. none of the above

 

[Svetlana]

Which one has the poorest prognosis?
Is it pancreatic carcinoma?

 

[Svetlana]

ok , this is a weird doubt but i was browsing something on the internet yesterday and i came across this stuff that-

Peptide hormones are synthesized in the RER
Steroid hormones are synthesized in SER

DO it remember this right ? i don't know where i read it so i can't confirm ...can someone pls tell me if this is true ! Yes it's true.Check Kaplan notes.It's very important to know all the stuff that is synthesized in SER!!!(ex. of Q:which cells have a lot of SER,and the ans.should be steroid synth.cells like Leidig)

Another doubt,
Enamel lamella is mentioned as uncalcified in Kaplan and as hypocalcified somewhere else... ( not sure where ! its in my notes )

Enamel spindles are hypocalcified right ??
Hypocalcified enamel rods which enter into enamel from the DEJ are known as:
A. enamel spindles
B. enamel tufts .. ANSWER why 🙁 these are meant to be individual entities
C. enamel lamellae
D. none of the above

I had the same doubt recently,from DEJ-tuft,from surface-lamelle.(even though WIKI mention that lamellae can go in both directions)

 

[Cindrella]

I had the same doubt recently,from DEJ-tuft,from surface-lamelle.(even though WIKI mention that lamellae can go in both directions)

Well hypocalcified enamel rods going from DEJ to enamel should be enamel spindles and not tufts right ... well enamel lamella is uncalcified / hypocalcified 😕and it extends from enamel and a litttle way into dentin ....

 

[pb2007]

need help with these ques
significance of c peptide in insulin

2)What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a)Glucose
b)Cholic acid
c)Steroid(ANS)
d)Oxaloacetete
e)Ketone bodies
which of following would most likely form micelle wen mixed with water
serine
glycerol
phospholipid
triglyceride

 

[Cindrella]

This is regarding what teethie and pb2007 discussed in relation to hyperosmalrity and hypoosmolarity... i am summing it up here. WOuld be grateful to both of u if u could correct it incase it is wrong. thank you.

Arterial vasa recta surrounds the thin descending limb . TDL - water reabsorption takes place and it is impermeable to salt . Therefore, Hyperosmolar conc. within the TDL and hypoosmolar conc. on the outside ( i.e in the vasa recta )

Venous vasa recta surrounds the thin ascending limb. TAL - salt reabsorption takes place and it is impermeable to water. Therefore, Hypoosmolar conc. within the TAL and hyperosmolar conc. on the outside ( i.e in the vasa recta )

 

[Cindrella]

need help with these ques
significance of c peptide in insulin

2)What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a)Glucose
b)Cholic acid ... ANSWER
c)Steroid(ANS)
d)Oxaloacetete
e)Ketone bodies
which of following would most likely form micelle wen mixed with water
serine
glycerol
phospholipid
triglyceride

cholic acid :
a bile acid synthesized in the liver from cholesterol. Cholan-24-oic acid is stored in the liver bound to coenzyme A and converted to glycine and taurine bile salts before secretion into bile.

 

[pb2007]

This is regarding what teethie and pb2007 discussed in relation to hyperosmalrity and hypoosmolarity... i am summing it up here. WOuld be grateful to both of u if u could correct it incase it is wrong. thank you.

Arterial vasa recta surrounds the thin descending limb . TDL - water reabsorption takes place and it is impermeable to salt . Therefore, Hyperosmolar conc. within the TDL and hypoosmolar conc. on the outside ( i.e in the vasa recta )

Venous vasa recta surrounds the thin ascending limb. TAL - salt reabsorption takes place and it is impermeable to water. Therefore, Hypoosmolar conc. within the TAL and hyperosmolar conc. on the outside ( i.e in the vasa recta )

i'm confused with arterial n venous vasa recta ,never knew these are two different things.
will wait to hear frm teethie ,i'm gettin confused with this basic stuff
thanks for clearing up cholic acid ques .

 

[Svetlana]

need help with these ques
significance of c peptide in insulin When proinsulin is cleaved it yields C peptide and insulin.
I have already written that we can distinguish on the basis of the amount of C pept.,if hypoglycemia is due to insulinoma or self injection.

2)What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a)Glucose
b)Cholic acid ans
c)Steroid(ANS)
d)Oxaloacetete
e)Ketone bodies
which of following would most likely form micelle wen mixed with water
serine
glycerol
phospholipid ans(coz it's amphipathic)
triglyceride

Hope this helps

 

[pb2007]

assuming that p50=26torr,under conditions where po2=30 torr,the average number of o2 molecules bound per hemoglobin is closest to
0.5
less than 1
amost 2
greater than 2
greater than 3
how to do this ques 😕😕

thanks svetlana.
if c peptide not present that means its self injection ..am i rite ??

 

[Svetlana]

assuming that p50=26torr,under conditions where po2=30 torr,the average number of o2 molecules bound per hemoglobin is closest to
0.5
less than 1
amost 2
greater than 2
greater than 3
how to do this ques 😕😕 no clue to this Q!!!Haven't seen smth like that!

thanks svetlana.
if c peptide not present that means its self injection ..am i rite ??

Yes!

 

[pb2007]

which represents a striated muscle containing transverse tubules,a slow rate of calcium sequestration and is inhibited by acetycholine
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle
multi unit smooth
single unit smooth

how cardiac muscle is inhibited by acetylcholine ?

 

[pb2007]

Yes!

that ques is from 96 released exm for biochem ,ques 114

 

[Cindrella]

i'm confused with arterial n venous vasa recta ,never knew these are two different things.
will wait to hear frm teethie ,i'm gettin confused with this basic stuff
thanks for clearing up cholic acid ques .

I never knew they were different entities either ..but the nephron diagram that was posted on the previous page led me to this conclusion.. sorry for confusing you 😕

 

[teethie]

Talons cusp is an accesory cusp. u can find it in oral pathology book. but here is the link u can read.

http://books.google.ca/books?id=pkx...s cusp elongated&pg=PT511#v=onepage&q&f=false

Can someone pls tell me a little about Talon's cusp... i don't own a wheelers 🙁

 

[teethie]

for other questions pb2007 , i will post answers soon.
have to go out for a while.

 

[teethie]

ok the right terminology is plummer nodule in hyperthyroidism not plummer only.

Teethy:
I think you are confusing Plummers with Plummer Vinson!!!!
Plummers-early exfoliation of primary dentition and early eruption of permanent.
Plummer Vinson-Iron def+esophageal webs

 

[pb2007]

which membrane componenet consists of glycerol,phosphate fatty acids and choline
cephalin
lecithin
ganglioside
cerebroside
sphingomyelin

 

[pb2007]

for other questions pb2007 , i will post answers soon.
have to go out for a while.

thanks teethie,will wait to hear frm u.

 

[elmos]

which membrane componenet consists of glycerol,phosphate fatty acids and choline
cephalin
lecithin 👍
ganglioside
cerebroside
sphingomyelin

correct me if i'm wrong, i want to thank all of you for the answer.
pb i think there's artery and vein vasa racta, but it's so confusing i don't know if we have to know all this,
when it's hyperosmolar in the descending loop, it's hypoosmolar in the interstitium, i don't think in vasa recta,
pls correct me if i'm wrong

 

[drdds3]

I got my score yesterday

Composite Score: 88

Raw scores:
- Anatomical science: 81
- Biochem/physio: 74
- Micro/path: 81
- DA/occlusion: 79 (I thought i will score around 85 in DA but somehow i scored less)

I thank teethie, bratdoc, pb2007 and many others who have helped me during my preparation.

 

[anniemirza]

I got my score yesterday

Composite Score: 88

Raw scores:
- Anatomical science: 81
- Biochem/physio: 74
- Micro/path: 81
- DA/occlusion: 79 (I thought i will score around 85 in DA but somehow i scored less)

I thank teethie, bratdoc, pb2007 and many others who have helped me during my preparation.

Kool!Many many congratulations drdds3.
Thats a kool score.R u a FTD? can u tell us how did ur exm go...how did u prepare?🙂

 

[Svetlana]

which membrane componenet consists of glycerol,phosphate fatty acids and choline
cephalin
lecithin ans
ganglioside
cerebroside
sphingomyelin

--

 

[pb2007]

correct me if i'm wrong, i want to thank all of you for the answer.
pb i think there's artery and vein vasa racta, but it's so confusing i don't know if we have to know all this,
when it's hyperosmolar in the descending loop, it's hypoosmolar in the interstitium, i don't think in vasa recta,
pls correct me if i'm wrong

thanks elmos i was reading in one of the old exm mentioning lecithin breakdown to form fatty acid,glycerol n choline so confused .

jst luked at ques again,i misread the phosphate part ,u r rite elmos .

 

[pb2007]

is there some easier way to learn the functional components of cranial nerves.
GSA,SSA,GVA......
if anyone knos a better way to keepin them in mind plz help

 

[elmos]

congratulation drdds very nice score, wish you the best.

 

[anniemirza]

is there some easier way to learn the functional components of cranial nerves.
GSA,SSA,GVA......
if anyone knos a better way to keepin them in mind plz help

functional components????i dint get dat

 

[pb2007]

functional components????i dint get dat

in the begenning of cranial nerve chap in kaplan it mentions these fibers general somatic affterent,special somatic afferent,
general viseral afferent ,general somatic efferent............
saw one or two ques asking abt particular nerve carries which fibres but i cant keep them in my mind for indiviual nerves.
i think we need to learn the very meaning of which fibre carries what

 

[anniemirza]

in the begenning of cranial nerve chap in kaplan it mentions these fibers general somatic affterent,special somatic afferent,
general viseral afferent ,general somatic efferent............
saw one or two ques asking abt particular nerve carries which fibres but i cant keep them in my mind for indiviual nerves.
i think we need to learn the very meaning of which fibre carries what

yeaaa ....all i can remember is the afferent and efferent thing....but this somatic and visceral really confuses me!!dun even understand dat.😕

 

[Svetlana]

Root canal join pulp chamber in 1)cervical 1/3 of the crown 2)apical to it

???

 

[Svetlana]

Embrasures:
Facial embrasures are narrower than lingual embrasures on all teeth except the maxillary first molar (where the facial embrasure is wider) and between the mandibular centrals (where the facial and lingual embrasures may be the same size).

The largest incisal embrasure is between the maxillary lateral and canine.
The 2nd largest incisal embrasure is between the mandibular lateral & canine.
The 3rd largest incisal embrasure is between the maxillary central and lateral.
The 4th largest incisal embrasure is between the maxillary centrals.
The 5th largest incisal embrasure is between the mandibular central & lateral.
The 6th largest (smallest) incisal embrasure is between the mandibular centrals.
The largest OVERALL occlusal embrasure is between the maxillary canine and first pre-molar, but we shouldn't be comparing anteriors (apples) and posteriors (oranges).

Is this info correct ??? PLs confirm

Guys,please confirm!Is it correct?
Do not have good source...

 

[Svetlana]

is there some easier way to learn the functional components of cranial nerves.
GSA,SSA,GVA......
if anyone knos a better way to keepin them in mind plz help

I think thats the only way to remember it,is to know the function of CN and that
efferent-motor
afferent-sensory
special-vision,taste,hearing
general-touch,smth like that
somatic-voluntary
visceral-all with autonomic nervous system

It's just what came up in my mind
Correct if i'm wrong

 

[anniemirza]

Root canal join pulp chamber in 1)cervical 1/3 of the crown 2)apical to it

???

I guess it should be apical to the cervical 3rd of crown.

 

[Cindrella]

Talons cusp is an accesory cusp. u can find it in oral pathology book. but here is the link u can read.

http://books.google.ca/books?id=pkx...s cusp elongated&pg=PT511#v=onepage&q&f=false

Yep aware of that ... its usually located in maxillary lateral incisor . But , Kaplan refers to disto lingual cusp of maxillary molars as talons cusp too... never heard that before... thank you teethie 👍

 

[anniemirza]

GSE -- motor to skeletal muscles
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, verdana]GVE -- motor to heart muscle, smooth muscle, glands. In the cranial nerves, these impulses are part of the parasympathetic nervous system..
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, verdana]SVE -- motor to skeletal muscles that develop in branchial arches of the embryo (pharynx, larynx, middle ear).
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, verdana]GSA -- sensations of touch, pain, temperature.
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, verdana]SSA -- special sense from organs developing in ectoderm of embryo (vision, hearing).
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, verdana]GVA -- sensory from sensory organs (heart, intestine).
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, verdana]SVA -- special sense from organs developing in association of gastrointestinal tract (smell, taste).

 

[pb2007]

GSE -- motor to skeletal muscles
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, verdana]GVE -- motor to heart muscle, smooth muscle, glands. In the cranial nerves, these impulses are part of the parasympathetic nervous system..
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, verdana]SVE -- motor to skeletal muscles that develop in branchial arches of the embryo (pharynx, larynx, middle ear).
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, verdana]GSA -- sensations of touch, pain, temperature.
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, verdana]SSA -- special sense from organs developing in ectoderm of embryo (vision, hearing).
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, verdana]GVA -- sensory from sensory organs (heart, intestine).
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, verdana]SVA -- special sense from organs developing in association of gastrointestinal tract (smell, taste).

thanks annie n svetlana ,i'l combine both of ur explanations n will memorize,
remember asking for greater petrosal nerve carrying what fibres .

 

[pb2007]

there is some on goin discussion abt lamelle n tufts,
i found something ,one of the ada ques mentions that tufts originate at dej and extend into enamel for part of its thickness.
ques 74 frm 96 released anatomy.

 

[Cindrella]

@ pb2007

Hypocalcified enamel rods which enter into enamel from the DEJ are known as:
A. enamel spindles .. my answer
B. enamel tufts .. ANSWER given
C. enamel lamellae
D. none of the above

pls answer this ... it shouldn't be tufts 'cuz they say " enter " not originate...

Am i over thinking it ?

At the same time they also say from the DEJ not from the dentin.. so its " tufts "

 

[pb2007]

@ pb2007

Hypocalcified enamel rods which enter into enamel from the DEJ are known as:
A. enamel spindles .. my answer
B. enamel tufts .. ANSWER given
C. enamel lamellae
D. none of the above

pls answer this ... it shouldn't be tufts 'cuz they say " enter " not originate...

Am i over thinking it ?

At the same time they also say from the DEJ not from the dentin.. so its " tufts "

cindrella ques says it enters into enamel frm dej so the words FROM THE DEJ means what ,orginating only .i guess jst a twisted way of asking origin.
hope it makes some sense . i always found memorizing these def'n tough ,
thanks to ur discussion i will retain some info now.

 

[Cindrella]

cindrella ques says it enters into enamel frm dej so the words FROM THE DEJ means what ,orginating only .i guess jst a twisted way of asking origin.
hope it makes some sense . i always found memorizing these def'n tough ,
thanks to ur discussion i will retain some info now.

yup thank you so much for your input... i'll conc. on the wording instead of jumping to conclusions henceforth. i find it tough to memorize too and usually bank on illustrations ... now waiting for teethie to answer your questions 🙂

 

[teethie]

yes it is cardiac muscle because cardia muscle is innervated both by sympathethic (by norepinephrine) and parasympathethic(by acetylcholine) for mechanism read this link.

http://books.google.ca/books?id=XMYsp-c8skQC&lpg=PT271&dq=cardiac%20muscle%20inhibited%20by%20acetylcholine&pg=PT271#v=onepage&q&f=false

which represents a striated muscle containing transverse tubules,a slow rate of calcium sequestration and is inhibited by acetycholine
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle
multi unit smooth
single unit smooth

how cardiac muscle is inhibited by acetylcholine ?

 

[teethie]

see below:

Embrasures:
Facial embrasures are narrower than lingual embrasures on all teeth except the maxillary first molar (where the facial embrasure is wider) and between the mandibular centrals (where the facial and lingual embrasures may be the same size).

The largest incisal embrasure is between the maxillary lateral and canine. --------------this has always varied in different sources, but i think it is max canine and 1 st premolar.
The 2nd largest incisal embrasure is between the mandibular lateral & canine.
The 3rd largest incisal embrasure is between the maxillary central and lateral.
The 4th largest incisal embrasure is between the maxillary centrals.
The 5th largest incisal embrasure is between the mandibular central & lateral.
The 6th largest (smallest) incisal embrasure is between the mandibular centrals.--------------agree with this.
The largest OVERALL occlusal embrasure is between the maxillary canine and first pre-molar, but we shouldn't be comparing anteriors (apples) and posteriors (oranges).

Is this info correct ??? PLs confirm

 

[teethie]

Congrats drdd3, your score is great. i wish you all the best for school admission👍👍

I got my score yesterday

Composite Score: 88

Raw scores:
- Anatomical science: 81
- Biochem/physio: 74
- Micro/path: 81
- DA/occlusion: 79 (I thought i will score around 85 in DA but somehow i scored less)

I thank teethie, bratdoc, pb2007 and many others who have helped me during my preparation.