Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[Cindrella]

which of following describe proper axial inclination of palatal root of max 2nd molar i am only aware of its DISTAL tilt ...will get back to you soon👍
vertical
mesial and lingual
mesial and facial
distal and facial
distal and linguaLanswer

MOST CONVEX INCISAL angle on anterior teeth is found on which angel of which incisor
distoincisal ....max lat answer 👍
distoincisal...mand lat
distoincisal...mand cent
mesioincisal ...max lat
mesioincisal ....max central

..ok , Kaplan says that the PALATAL root of the maxillary 2nd molar is distally inclined so that it is in line with the DISTO - LINGUAL cusp of the maxillary 2nd molar
Maxilllary 1st molar - the palatal root is straighter and is in line with the lingual groove on the lingual surface of tht tooth...

so taking the distal incline as mentioned in kaplan and the general root angulation ( lingual for maxillary and buccal for mandibular .. as we discussed yesterday ) ... i guess answer shud b DISTAL LINGUAL for the first question
..

pls correct if i'm wrong

 

[pb2007]

thanks cindrella ,i'l wait for ur reply .

aspiration of food can result in each of following except
pneumonia
pneumothorax
lung abscess
atelectiasis.......is this correct
asphysiation

analysis if ekg shows p wave occuring in S T segment .this would indicate ectopic beats originating in the
atria .............rite
A V node
lower part of bundle of his
upper part of bundle of his

 

[Cindrella]

thanks cindrella ,i'l wait for ur reply .

aspiration of food can result in each of following except
pneumonia ruled out
pneumothorax
lung abscessruled out
atelectiasis.......is this correct ruled out
asphysiation 🙁 don't know

Aspiration of particulate food mattercauses both physical obstruction of the airway and a later inflammattory response due to the presence of a foreign body. It results in alternating areas of atelectasis and hyperexpansion, hypoxia and hypercapnia. When acid is mixed, damage is greater and prognostic is worse.
ref : http://www.medstudents.com.br/anest/anest2.htm

Complications of aspiration pneumonia include:
http://www.freemd.com/aspiration-pneumonia/complications.htm
•Adult respiratory distress syndrome
•Bacterial pneumonia
•Empyema
•Sepsis
•Pneumothorax
•Lung abscess


analysis if ekg shows p wave occuring in S T segment .this would indicate ectopic beats originating in the
atria .............rite p wave occurs due to atrial depolarisation so i am guessing this too
A V node
lower part of bundle of his
upper part of bundle of his

my physio is bad so i applied the most basic funda... don't know too much in detail

 

[Cindrella]

Among adults, the following conditions, actions, and procedures facilitate foreign body aspiration:

•Impaired swallow reflex
•Impaired cough reflex
•Mental ******ation
•Alcohol or sedative use
•General anesthesia
•Poor dentition
•Dental, pharyngeal, or airway procedures
•Altered sensorium
•Loss of consciousness
•Convulsions
•Maxillofacial trauma

Lead to choking , dyspnea and cardiac arrest !

 

[Cindrella]

@ R19 -

Q.each of foll is ass with congestive heart failure except 1-
1.dyspnoea
2.cyanosis
3.anasarca is this the answer ?
4.ankle edema
5.passive liver congestion

 

[Cindrella]

Cells tht are actively involved in phagocytosis of ECM wd contain high level of which of the foll. cellulr organelle :

RER
SER
Golgi app
Lysosome ...is it this ?!
ribosome

If a biopsy specimen shows large no. of cells with nuclei and abundant nucleoili whch cellular event is elevated in these cells ?

mitosis
mRna production
rRNA production .. is it this cuz this occurs in the nucleolus ?
exocytosis
production of secreted protein...

Helpp pls !!! and explain pls !!

 

[Cindrella]

@ pb2007

aspiration of food can result in each of following except
pneumonia
pneumothorax
lung abscess
atelectiasis.
asphysiation

Ans would be PNEUMOTHORAX -

Although pneumothorax can occur as a secondary complication to aspiration pnumonia ...a lot can happen as a secondary complication but we should consider only the primary here.....

Pneumothorax is bascially due to rupture of alveoli and air entrapment within the thoracic cavity ... it is NOT a primary result of aspiration of food...

treatment of pneumothorax - making a puncture in the 8th intercostal space to make space for air to come out and cause relief...

No Valid source for this .. so pls correct me if i am wrong..

 

[Cindrella]

clinical case to it... tumor was removed from the liver of a patient and cell culture of tumor cells were established.before chromosomal analysis , colchicine was added to culture. This alkaloid prevents polymerization of microtubules...
These cancerous cell is arrested in which phase of mitosis ????

 

[Cindrella]

Nobody wants to answer today ....... 🙁 Annieee where art thou ?

 

[bratdoc]

A cancerous cell is arrested in which phase of mitosis ????

Cancer cell ARRESTED in a phase of mitosis???
I always used to think Cancer cells actively divide without stopping and that is what leads to their uncontrolled proliferation... why would cancer cells be arrested in one phase... from what i know the cancer cells undergo ABNORMAL MITOSIS (with mutations etc.) and the main problem arising from the cancer is inability to stop the uncontrolled cell division... and also where on one hand the normal healthy cells can only divide a few times and then stop or die, on the other hand the Cancer cells can undergo uncontrolled division if provided with the nutrients!! and also the anticancer drugs mostly work by INHIBITING mitosis and arresting cell growth..

 

[Cindrella]

Cancer cell ARRESTED in a phase of mitosis???
I always used to think Cancer cells actively divide without stopping and that is what leads to their uncontrolled proliferation... why would cancer cells be arrested in one phase... from what i know the cancer cells undergo ABNORMAL MITOSIS (with mutations etc.) and the main problem arising from the cancer is inability to stop the uncontrolled cell division... and also where on one hand the normal healthy cells can only divide a few times and then stop or die, on the other hand the Cancer cells can undergo uncontrolled division if provided with the nutrients!! and also the anticancer drugs mostly work by INHIBITING mitosis and arresting cell growth..

oops sorry there is a clinical case to it... tumor was removed from the liver of a patient and cell culture of tumor cells were established.before chromosomal analysis , colchicine was added to culture. This alkaloid prevents polymerization of microtubules... now u temme the answer

is it prophase ?

 

[Cindrella]

clinical case to it... tumor was removed from the liver of a patient and cell culture of tumor cells were established.before chromosomal analysis , colchicine was added to culture. This alkaloid prevents polymerization of microtubules...
These cancerous cell is arrested in which phase of mitosis ????

it is arrested at Metaphase / anaphase transition ....

 

[perfectionist1]

clinical case to it... tumor was removed from the liver of a patient and cell culture of tumor cells were established.before chromosomal analysis , colchicine was added to culture. This alkaloid prevents polymerization of microtubules...
These cancerous cell is arrested in which phase of mitosis ????

The vinca alkaloid arrests the cell proliferation at metaphase.👍

 

[pb2007]

is fluorodeoxyuridine n flocytocine the same thing coz both inhibit thymidylate synthetase.

baby born to which type parental blood would have the greatest chance of developing erthroblastosis fetalis
rh+ve mother ,rh-ve father
rh -ve mom,rh+ve dad..........rite
rh +ve mom n dad
rh-ve mom n dad

screwdriver form of tooth is seen wen .......is it sphilitic incisor that is called screwdriver form

 

[teethie]

..

which of following describe proper axial inclination of palatal root of max 2nd molar
vertical
mesial and lingual
mesial and facial
distal and facial-------------------------------answer, correct if wrong.
distal and linguaL

MOST CONVEX INCISAL angle on anterior teeth is found on which angel of which incisor
distoincisal ....max lat---------------answer
distoincisal...mand lat
distoincisal...mand cent
mesioincisal ...max lat
mesioincisal ....max central

 

[teethie]

..

is fluorodeoxyuridine n flocytocine the same thing coz both inhibit thymidylate synthetase.

Flucytosine, or 5-fluorocytosine, a fluorinated pyrimidine analogue, is a synthetic antimycoticdrug.
It is structurally related to the cytostaticfluorouracil and to floxuridine
the antimetabolite drug that interferes with fungal DNA synthesis;

baby born to which type parental blood would have the greatest chance of developing erthroblastosis fetalis
rh+ve mother ,rh-ve father
rh -ve mom,rh+ve dad..........rite-----------------yes👍
rh +ve mom n dad
rh-ve mom n dad

 

[teethie]

--

screwdriver form of tooth is seen wen .......is it sphilitic incisor that is called screwdriver form----------------right👍

 

[R19]

@ R19 -

Q.each of foll is ass with congestive heart failure except 1-
1.dyspnoea
2.cyanosis
3.anasarca is this the answer ?
4.ankle edema
5.passive liver congestion

yes this is the ans but i chekd on wikipedia.acc to which anasarca too is a sign of CHF😕

 

[R19]

patient with which of the foll malignanacies have poorest prognosis?
1.lung ca
2.malignant melanoma
3.pancreatic ca
4.ca of colon
5.SCC of tongue

which of foll lab results is diagnostic of acute pancreatitis?
1.decreased albumin
2elevated amylase
3.elevated lipase
4.elevated alkaline phophate

 

[IMFdoc]

Cells tht are actively involved in phagocytosis of ECM wd contain high level of which of the foll. cellulr organelle :

RER
SER
Golgi app
Lysosome ...is it this ?!
ribosome
.

Helpp pls !!! and explain pls !!

D ans is lysosome...coz the main function of rest of the organelles is associated with protein synthesis..primary lysosome combine with the substance to be degraded to form sec. lysosomes..
if there is any other explanation then please let me know..

 

[briansle]

is fluorodeoxyuridine n flocytocine the same thing coz both inhibit thymidylate synthetase.

baby born to which type parental blood would have the greatest chance of developing erthroblastosis fetalis
rh+ve mother ,rh-ve father
rh -ve mom,rh+ve dad..........rite
rh +ve mom n dad
rh-ve mom n dad

Can someone explain these two?

 

[briansle]

patient with which of the foll malignanacies have poorest prognosis?
1.lung ca
2.malignant melanoma
3.pancreatic ca
4.ca of colon
5.SCC of tongue

which of foll lab results is diagnostic of acute pancreatitis?
1.decreased albumin
2elevated amylase
3.elevated lipase - could be lipase or amylase, but lipase is more specific for pancreas.
4.elevated alkaline phophate

 

[teethie]

Hi pb2007,
In the eruption question below, answer is 9 yrs becuase your permanent lateral incisor erupts at 8-9 yrs and in question, it is telling you all permanent incisors are erupted.
primary canines are still in place so it means canines have not exfoliated yet and even though permanent canine is there but u will only see them on radiograph not clinically.
hence answer is 9 yrs.

thanks cindrella ,i found out its 2nd premolar.
n regarding 1st ques on erution dates,ur answer is rite ,this is what is marked in 99 exm but my trouble is that i fail to understand frm the ques that they basically wana kno the erution for canine ,like i read permanent incisors n molars hav erupted so though that's wat they wana kno but how could u decide that ques asks for canine eruption......i hope u got my point .

perm incisors n 1st molars erupted .primary canine and molars are still in place .this is typical for child of
5 yr
7 yr
9 yr
11 yr

 

[teethie]

..

pb2007;[/B]10192263

parotid duct opens opposite 2nd molar ....rite -----------YES👍
mental foramen is close to root of 1st mand premolar ?------------ITS BETWEEN MAND 1ST PREMOLAR AND 2ND PREMOLAR.

 

[pb2007]

Hi pb2007,
In the eruption question below, answer is 9 yrs becuase your permanent lateral incisor erupts at 8-9 yrs and in question, it is telling you all permanent incisors are erupted.
primary canines are still in place so it means canines have not exfoliated yet and even though permanent canine is there but u will only see them on radiograph not clinically.
hence answer is 9 yrs.



perm incisors n 1st molars erupted .primary canine and molars are still in place .this is typical for child of
5 yr
7 yr
9 yr
11 yr

thanks teethie ,i was jst thinkin abt centrals ,now i got why its 9yr


which part of oral cavity directly attached to periosteum......attached gingiva?

most superior branch of external carotid......superficial temporal?

can anemia lead to hypotension.
rate limiting enzyme for gluconeogenisis

 

[teethie]

..

thanks teethie ,i was jst thinkin abt centrals ,now i got why its 9yr


which part of oral cavity directly attached to periosteum......attached gingiva?-----.--------yes👍

most superior branch of external carotid......superficial temporal?.--------yes👍

can anemia lead to hypotension.--------yes👍
The main consequence of anemia is tissue hypoxia. If anemia has developed rapidly, there may not be adequate time for compensatory adjustments to take place, so there is a sudden marked contraction of intravascular volume, resulting in postural hypotension, fall in cardiac output, shunting of blood from skin to central organs, sweating, restlessness, thirst and air hunger

rate limiting enzyme for gluconeogenisis

 

[R19]

@briansle could u plz explain why pancreatic ca has poorest prognosis??? is it bcoz its asymptomatic till very large mass is formed???but that doesnt hold true for ca of head of pancreas???and ur right about lipase its more specific

 

[Cindrella]

rate limiting enzyme for gluconeogenisis fructose 1.6 biphosphatase

..
@IMF doc- thanks for your answer

 

[Cindrella]

which of following describe proper axial inclination of palatal root of max 2nd molar
vertical
mesial and lingual
mesial and facial
distal and facial-------------------------------answer, correct if wrong.
distal and linguaL

@ teethie can you please tell ur source and gv an explanation

 

[pb2007]

thanks alot teethie ,her's another one
which nerve accompanies external jugular vein
phrenic.............??
great auricular
lesser occipital

moving mandible frm max ICP to retruded position ,the following will result
increase verticla occlusal dimension........answer?
decrease verticle occlusal dimension
decrease horizontal overlap
increase verticle overlap .

in above ques verticle n horizontal dimensions will increase but both horizontal and vertical overlap will decrease.....am i sayin rite or the word overlap n dimension means same thing in such ques.

what is mutually protected occlusion

most common type of heart disease in america


anyone remebers this then plz tel
which of following doesnt show symptoms
bacteremia,pyemia,uremia septicemia......its a previous yr ques i forgot ,i think something is missing in choices

 

[Svetlana]

thanks alot teethie ,her's another one
which nerve accompanies external jugular vein
phrenic.............??
great auricular
lesser occipital

moving mandible frm max ICP to retruded position ,the following will result
increase verticla occlusal dimension........answer? 👍
decrease verticle occlusal dimension
decrease horizontal overlap
increase verticle overlap .

in above ques verticle n horizontal dimensions will increase but both horizontal and vertical overlap will decrease.....am i sayin rite or the word overlap n dimension means same thing in such ques.

as i understand when you increase overlap-->decrease dimension
what is mutually protected occlusion

most common type of heart disease in america

ischemic heart disease

anyone remebers this then plz tel
which of following doesnt show symptoms
bacteremia,pyemia,uremia septicemia......its a previous yr ques i forgot ,i think something is missing in choices

bacteremia doesnt show

 

[pb2007]

plz answer

humans are reservior of infection for what
diptheria
salmonellosis
shigellosis
plague

phycomycetes has prediliction for blood vesselsso which organ it loves most or is involved
brain
kidney
heart lungs

 

[dental wing]

humans are reservior of infection for what
diptheria
salmonellosis(answer)

A rarer form of Salmonella named typhoidal Salmonella can lead to typhoid fever. It is carried only by humans and is usually contracted through direct contact with the fecal matter of an infected person. Typhoidal Salmonella therefore mainly occurs in lesser developed countries where unsanitary conditions are more likely to occur. refer----Wiki

shigellosis
plague

 

[briansle]

@briansle could u plz explain why pancreatic ca has poorest prognosis??? is it bcoz its asymptomatic till very large mass is formed???but that doesnt hold true for ca of head of pancreas???and ur right about lipase its more specific

i am guessing pancreas as the worst prognosis because of it's importance in regulating in all your metabolic hormones. It's a major endocrine gland that you can't live without and I haven't heard of too many pancreatic transplants. If you get liver or lung cancer, you can get a transplant, not sure about pancreas. Or it simply metasizes aggressively.

 

[Cindrella]

plz answer

humans are reservior of infection for what
diptheria
salmonellosis
shigellosis
plague

phycomycetes has prediliction for blood vesselsso which organ it loves most or is involved
brain
kidney
heart
lungs
phycomycetes can practically involve any internal organ... i googled it but there are evidences of these species in all of the organs.. is this Q from an old paper .. ??

..

 

[dental wing]

phycomycetes has prediliction for blood vesselsso which organ it loves most or is involved
brain (answer) refer-- from usmle notes
kidney
heart
lungs

correct me if i m wrong🙄

 

[Cindrella]

Urinry filtrate is MOST hypotonic in -
PCT
Desc limb of loop of henle
Thin segm of Henle loop
Thick ascd segmn og Henle loop .. answer ??
DCT

Pls explain

 

[R19]

i am guessing pancreas as the worst prognosis because of it's importance in regulating in all your metabolic hormones. It's a major endocrine gland that you can't live without and I haven't heard of too many pancreatic transplants. If you get liver or lung cancer, you can get a transplant, not sure about pancreas. Or it simply metasizes aggressively.

👍

 

[dental wing]

Urinry filtrate is MOST hypotonic in -
PCT
Desc limb of loop of henle
Thin segm of Henle loop
Thick ascd segmn og Henle loop .. answer ?? RIGHT

(DCT

BECAUSE ASCD.LIMB IS IMPERMEABLE FOR WATER, NaCl PUMPED OUT so tubular osmolarity decreases along the ascend. segment. hope this will help u...

 

[Cindrella]

Urinry filtrate is MOST hypotonic in -
PCT
Desc limb of loop of henle
Thin segm of Henle loop
Thick ascd segmn og Henle loop .. answer ?? RIGHT

(DCT

BECAUSE ASCD.LIMB IS IMPERMEABLE FOR WATER, NaCl PUMPED OUT so tubular osmolarity decreases along the ascend. segment. hope this will help u...

Thanks a lot dental wing.. then in that case desc limb and DCT will be HYPERosmolar or HYPERtonic cuz water is being reabsorbed there ... pls confirm this as well 🙂

 

[pb2007]

wen patient cant lift an intrument which nerve is damages median or ulnar .
will it be median coz it supplies majority of the palmar surface?
?

 

[pb2007]

Thanks a lot dental wing.. then in that case desc limb and DCT will be HYPERosmolar or HYPERtonic cuz water is being reabsorbed there ... pls confirm this as well 🙂

👍

 

[Cindrella]

wen patient cant lift an intrument which nerve is damages median or ulnar .
will it be median coz it supplies majority of the palmar surface?
?

median n 👍

ulnar is out of question cuz it supplies the little finger and half of ring finger .... we need the thumb and the index Fing and middle Fing. to lift up an instrument...

pl correct me if my application of the concept is wrong

 

[pb2007]

median n 👍

ulnar is out of question cuz it supplies the little finger and half of ring finger .... we need the thumb and the index Fing and middle Fing. to lift up an instrument...

pl correct me if my application of the concept is wrong

thanks cindrella

what the significance of gray n white rami.

 

[Cindrella]

presence of whch of the foll affords protection in pts serum against hep. B

Anti HBcAg
Anti HBs Ag ..please tell me the answer is this 🙂
Anti HBe Ag
Anti HAV

 

[Cindrella]

thanks cindrella

what the significance of gray n white rami.

White rami are PRE ganglionic fibres

Grey rami are POST ganglionic fibres

 

[pb2007]

presence of whch of the foll affords protection in pts serum against hep. B

Anti HBcAg
Anti HBs Ag ..please tell me the answer is this 🙂
Anti HBe Ag
Anti HAV

👍

 

[teethie]

white rami communicantes carry presynaptic sympathetic fibers from the ventral primary rami to the sympathetic trunk and exist only between spinal cord segments T1 and L2.
Gray rami communicantes carry postsynaptic sympathetic fibers from the sympathetic trunk to all spinal nerves.
In spinal cord segments T1-L2 the sympathetic trunk is attached to the spinal nerve by two short branches, the white and gray rami communicantes.
Above T1 and below L2, the sympathetic trunk is attached to the spinal nerve (actually, its ventral primary ramus) only by gray rami communicantes. There are NO white rami in the neck or below L2.

thanks cindrella

what the significance of gray n white rami.

 

[teethie]

..

plz answer

humans are reservior of infection for what
diptheria
salmonellosis -----------------answer
shigellosis
plague

phycomycetes has prediliction for blood vesselsso which organ it loves most or is involved
brain
kidney
heart
lungs

 

[teethie]

..

thanks alot teethie ,her's another one
which nerve accompanies external jugular vein
phrenic.............??
great auricular----------------------------answer
lesser occipital

moving mandible frm max ICP to retruded position ,the following will result
increase verticla occlusal dimension........answer?
decrease verticle occlusal dimension
decrease horizontal overlap
increase verticle overlap .

in above ques verticle n horizontal dimensions will increase but both horizontal and vertical overlap will decrease.....am i sayin rite or the word overlap n dimension means same thing in such ques.

what is mutually protected occlusion-----------IT IS CANINE GUIDANCE---answer

most common type of heart disease in america------------MI-----answer


anyone remebers this then plz tel
which of following doesnt show symptoms
bacteremia,pyemia,uremia septicemia......its a previous yr ques i forgot ,i think something is missing in choices