MJ, friend, I have to push back a little on this claim.
Personality disorders exist on a spectrum with symptoms of varying severity that often can be treated. That's reflected in the Section III DSM 5 "Alternative Model for Personality Disorders," which went from calling personality disorders categorical entities that are "inflexible," "pervasive," and "enduring patterns" to "
impairments in personality
functioning along with certain pathological personality traits" that are "
relatively stable." Insofar as the impairments of functioning can be treated with cognitive techniques, so too can personality disorders. (The reason why the Alternative Model is the
alternative model has to do with the American Psychiatry Association trustees voting to override the the expert opinion of the personality disorder working group--the politics of which is a rant for another day. But the Alternative Model is purposefully
not listed under "Conditions for Further Study," so it truly can be taken as an alternative to the Section II entity).
The insights driving this view of personality have largely been due to the psychodynamic psychiatrists. They unfortunately get short shrift in medicine but have empirical evidence supporting their treatment modality with effect sizes larger than medications for some psychiatric disorders. There are many reasons for their efficacy, but one important reason is that people function on levels that cannot be helpfully explained in biological terms. Sometimes the most therapeutic perspective is the psychological or even sociological one.
For that reason, the literature on narcissistic personality organisation (which is very different from "narcissistic personality disorder" as reified by the DSM) has been a tremendously powerful for me. Why? Think of how many people have trouble with genuine empathy, maintaining healthy long-term relationships, mood that seems to precipitously mirror self-esteem, rejection sensitivity, accurately gauging their importance to other people, perfectionism, setting goals based on gaining approval from others, a life littered with superficial friendships that matter for all the wrong reasons (I think we call them "Facebook Friends" now, and the
number of "Happy Birthdays" you get seems really important to some). Now imagine that all of those tendencies could be explained in a self-consistent, conceptually fruitful, and therapeutically useful way. That's pretty powerful.
You mention guidelines, but some guidelines are good (like 2015 ACLS), some guidelines are okay but quickly outdated (like JNC-8 in light of SPRINT), and some guidelines are outright bad and probably dangerous (like Surviving Sepsis). Each one needs to be judged on its own merits. Appeal to authority goes far in medicine, and rightfully so, but sometimes too far.
Even my mentioning the DSM is a little unfortunate, because the DSM often gets conflated with psychiatry, but psychiatry is so much more than the DSM. All the DSM aims to accomplish is statistical
reliability and
consensus, not necessarily pathological
validity. One way of increasing reliability and consensus is making over-broad diagnostic entities that kinda seem to apply to almost everyone. That's a reason why in 2013 the National Institute of Mental Health moved away from using the DSM to "Research Domain Criteria" (RDoC) to guide funding decisions (and funding = everything in academic medicine). RDoC gets at the
pathogenic origins of disease, instead of mere consensus-driven classification, and it was IMHO a tremendous foundational leap in psychiatry.
Anywho. I have a lot of empathy for patients with personality disorders. They generally live miserable lives and often get shunned in virtue of "forever" diagnostic labels of very questionable validity. They need help too and help really is possible.
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/director/2013/transforming-diagnosis.shtml
Kernberg OF. The almost untreatable narcissistic patient. J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 2007;55(2):503-39.
Shedler J. The efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Am Psychol. 2010;65(2):98-109.
Skodol AE, Morey LC, Bender DS, Oldham JM. The Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders: A Clinical Application. Am J Psychiatry. 2015;172(7):606-13.