I definitely think that doctors should have a right to refuse to participate in elective abortions - or, for that matter, any other elective procedure that they have a moral objection to.
Doctors absolutely must have the right to follow their own consciences. In certain social contexts, "acceptable medical practice" has been a tool of abuse. Think of the cruel medical experiments that Nazi doctors performed. Think of forced sterilization of the poor and "genetically inferior" in America a few decades ago. I would like to think that each of us would refuse to participate in such atrocities even if the social climate changed to condone them once more. It is very dangerous to put doctors in the role of robots that merely carry out the presently "fashionable" social views, rather than thinking individuals with autonomy.
Just as some women sincerely believe they need an abortion for their social well-being, there are still some cultures out there who sincerely believe that female circumcision is "necessary" for a girl's social well-being. So if a patient comes to you asking you to cut off their baby girl's clitoris, does that mean that you need to see to it that it gets done in order to avoid imposing your western morality on them? After all, isn't it safer for a surgeon to cut the girl's clitoris in sanitary conditions than for the parents to do it themselves?
Going by the attitude that "objective" science is the only standard for what a doctor should participate in, it isn't inconceivable that someday infanticide could be legalized.
"To a biologist, birth is as arbitrary a milestone as any other. Many mammals bear offspring that see and walk as soon as they hit the ground. But the incomplete 9-month-old human fetus must be evicted from the womb before its outsize head gets too big to fit through its mother's pelvis. The usual primate assembly process spills into the first years in the world. And that complicates our definition of personhood." -
according to Steven Pinker
So if the social climate changes to embrace infanticide as a "necessary" procedure for women who find parenthood overwhelming, or to cull children whose disabilities were undiagnosed until birth, would you feel obliged to participate in it? To force ALL medical students to kill a newborn infant?
Obviously I don't agree. In fact, I would never want to go to an ob/gyn who performed abortions.
The problem with making comparisons to refusing to refer for medical treatments like CABG is that the vast majority of abortions in America are for social reasons, not medical reasons.
I would agree that a doctor who didn't want to help a woman dying from a ruptured ectopic pregnancy is negligent, but I don't think a doctor is negligent for choosing not to be involved in a teenager's elective abortion - or breast implants, circumcision, or other procedures that are not medically necessary.