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akg

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After an automobile accident , a patient's chin deviates to the left on opening mouth widely.His mandible is probably fractured at which of the following points?

a. genial tubercle
b.left condyolar neck
c.right condylar neck
d.left mental foramen
e.right mental foramen

post the correct anwer and justify it with right explanation

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tha answer I believe is b. The chin will deviate in the direction of the fracture.
 
ans for the borads wud be b but if u ask this question to the oral surgeon
he wud go for favourable and unfavourable fracture EXPL
for the boards
ALWAYS REMEMBER 'LICK THE LESION' EXCEPT FOR UVULA ,UVULA MOVES TO OPPOSITE :thumbup:
 
which of the following structures lies directly ANTERIOR to the scalenus anterior muscle?


a. subclavian vein
b.vertebral artery
c.subclavian artery
d.costocervical trunk
e.superior trunk of the brachial plexus

wht the correct answer ? any one knows post it pls
 
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akg said:
which of the following structures lies directly ANTERIOR to the scalenus anterior muscle?


a. subclavian vein
b.vertebral artery
c.subclavian artery
d.costocervical trunk
e.superior trunk of the brachial plexus

wht the correct answer ? any one knows post it pls

the answer is a) subclavian vein,
it joins with jugular vein..
together.. lie in the omoclavicular triangle..

(correct me if am wrong) :D
 
akg said:
which of the following structures lies directly ANTERIOR to the scalenus anterior muscle?


a. subclavian vein
b.vertebral artery
c.subclavian artery
d.costocervical trunk
e.superior trunk of the brachial plexus

wht the correct answer ? any one knows post it pls

answer to this q is
subclavian vein lies anterior to the scalenus anterior muscle and
subclavian artery lies posterior to scalenus anterior muscle
 
brachial plexus lie even post to subclavian artery just to add up :D
 
mekha said:
..... ALWAYS REMEMBER 'LICK THE LESION' .....
THAT'S JUST PLAIN GROSS !!! :D Just kidding.
I think what Mekha intended to write was LIKE the lesion (in reference to the mandibular deviation).
I just could not pass on it ... Lick the lesion ? :laugh:
 
:laugh: man,that IS gross! :laugh:
NileBDS said:
THAT'S JUST PLAIN GROSS !!! :D Just kidding.
I think what Mekha intended to write was LIKE the lesion (in reference to the mandibular deviation).
I just could not pass on it ... Lick the lesion ? :laugh:
 
which of the following is a nucleus that contains dopamine and is frequently affected in parkinson's disease?

a. caudate
b.amygdala
c.hippocampus
d.inferior olive
e.substantia nigra
 
akg said:
which of the following is a nucleus that contains dopamine and is frequently affected in parkinson's disease?

a. caudate
b.amygdala
c.hippocampus
d.inferior olive
e.substantia nigra



E)Substatia Nigra

Correct me if am wrong.. have to say this each time.. i answer something..
lol
god save me.. in my boards :D
 
The striated ducts o the parotid gland are lined by which of the following types of epithelia?

a. simple columnar
b,simple squamous
c.simple cuboidal
d.stratified cuboidal
e.stratified squamous


which of the following are the two muscles that prevent food from entering the nasopharynx during swallowing ?

a.mylohyoid and the palatoglossus
b.styloglossus and the palatoglossus
c.tensor tympani and the stylopharyngeus
d.tensor veli palatinin and the levator veli palatinin
e.musculus uvulae and the inferior pharyngeal constrictor
 
muscleman7911 said:
E)Substatia Nigra

Correct me if am wrong.. have to say this each time.. i answer something..
lol
god save me.. in my boards :D[/QUOTE


you are right


its caudate nucleus



The substantia nigra lies in the midbrain immediately dorsal to the cerebral peduncles. This nucleus is an important motor center that will be discussed at greater length later in the course. Right now you need to know that some of the cells project to the caudate and putamen, two nuclei of the basal ganglia that together comprise what is called the STRIATUM. These NIGROSTRIATAL cells utilize the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE.

The substantia nigra is thought to be the lesion site in PARKINSON’S disease or paralysis agitans. In this disease there is muscular rigidity, a fine tremor at rest (resting tremor), akinesia or bradykinesia and a slow and shuffling gait and postural instability. You do not have to worry about the laterality (right or left) of these deficits at this time. The most consistent pathological finding in Parkinson’s disease is degeneration of the melanin-containing cells in the pars compacta (another part is called the pars reticulata) of the substantia nigra (melanin is an inert by-product of the synthesis of dopamine). As mentioned above, cells within the nigra produce dopamine normally. This substance passes—via axoplasmic flow—to the nerve terminals in the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), where it is released as a transmitter. It is the absence of this transmitter that produces the crippling disorder called Parkinson’s disease.
 
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akg said:
The striated ducts o the parotid gland are lined by which of the following types of epithelia?

a. simple columnar
b,simple squamous
c.simple cuboidal
d.stratified cuboidal
e.stratified squamous


which of the following are the two muscles that prevent food from entering the nasopharynx during swallowing ?

a.mylohyoid and the palatoglossus
b.styloglossus and the palatoglossus
c.tensor tympani and the stylopharyngeus
d.tensor veli palatinin and the levator veli palatinin
e.musculus uvulae and the inferior pharyngeal constrictor


Intralobular duct: ans C) simple cuboidal
Interlobular duct: ans D)stratified cuboidal
LOL MEKHA>> WE DISCUSSED>>

Q2.. i think it is
E)Musculus Uvulae...and infr.. pharyngeal constrictor
i do know.. it is uvulae but I wonder how would infr constrictor work here :confused:
so i think the answer could be
D) Tensor veli palatinin and levator veli palatinin

again.. LOL. correct me.. if am wrong.. LOL :D
 
muscleman7911 said:
Intralobular duct: ans C) simple cuboidal
Interlobular duct: ans D)stratified cuboidal
LOL MEKHA>> WE DISCUSSED>>

Q2.. i think it is
E)Musculus Uvulae...and infr.. pharyngeal constrictor

again.. LOL. correct me.. if am wrong.. LOL :D



answer is

tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini


During swallowing, they contract. thus, elevating the soft palate to help prevent food from entering the nasopharynx

musculus uvulae just stiffens the soft palate , no role in preventing the food inot nasopharynx while swallowing
 
akg said:
answer is

tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini


During swallowing, they contract. thus, elevating the soft palate to help prevent food from entering the nasopharynx

musculus uvulae just stiffens the soft palate , no role in preventing the food inot nasopharynx while swallowing


I agree.... :idea: the confusion.. was because.. i had read in one of the articles.. about prosthesis that uvulae the main factor in preventing food entry into nasopharynx. :D
 
muscleman7911 said:
I agree.... :idea: the confusion.. was because.. i had read in one of the articles.. about prosthesis that uvulae the main factor in preventing food entry into nasopharynx. :D


but its an mcq where you need to choose the relativbely more correct answer,

but the paired up musclke with m.uvulae is inferior constricotr , which never plays in such a role, so by default the answer is l.v.& t.v.palatini

alright chill out dude.

answer the following question






preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the head have thier cell bodies in the


a.paravertrbal ganglia
b.cervicothoracic ganglia
c.superior cervical ganglia
d.gray rami communicantes of the thoracic duct
e.intermediolateral horns of the thoracic spinal cord


crack this
 
NileBDS said:
THAT'S JUST PLAIN GROSS !!! :D Just kidding.
I think what Mekha intended to write was LIKE the lesion (in reference to the mandibular deviation).
I just could not pass on it ... Lick the lesion ? :laugh:


i meant lick the lesion this is the mnemonics meant 4 tongue ,tongue deviates
to that side of the lesion so it is licking the lesion :D
 
The striated ducts o the parotid gland are lined by which of the following types of epithelia?

a. simple columnar
b,simple squamous
c.simple cuboidal
d.stratified cuboidal
e.stratified squamous

ans is simple columnar right? help me out here
thanks
 
mekha said:
The striated ducts o the parotid gland are lined by which of the following types of epithelia?

a. simple columnar
b,simple squamous
c.simple cuboidal
d.stratified cuboidal
e.stratified squamous

ans is simple columnar right? help me out here
thanks


YEP..YOU ARE RIGHT
 
hi
preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the head have thier cell bodies in the


a.paravertrbal ganglia
b.cervicothoracic ganglia
c.superior cervical ganglia
d.gray rami communicantes of the thoracic duct
e.intermediolateral horns of the thoracic spinal cord


is the answer e
 
akg said:
but its an mcq where you need to choose the relativbely more correct answer,

but the paired up musclke with m.uvulae is inferior constricotr , which never plays in such a role, so by default the answer is l.v.& t.v.palatini

alright chill out dude.

answer the following question






preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the head have thier cell bodies in the


a.paravertrbal ganglia
b.cervicothoracic ganglia
c.superior cervical ganglia
d.gray rami communicantes of the thoracic duct
e.intermediolateral horns of the thoracic spinal cord


crack this

U r rit tamanna!!
The answer is E) intermediolateral horns of thoracic

source of preganglionic sympathetic is T1 to L2 and they synapse in cervical ganglion before reaching head..

:thumbup: not asking for corrections here.. lol
a logical answer.. huh!! :D
 
How many rami communicantes are normally found on each side of the neck?
a) 7 gray and 1 white
b) 3 white and 9 gray
c) 10 gray and 2 white
d) 8 gray and 0 white
 
muscleman7911 said:
How many rami communicantes are normally found on each side of the neck?
a) 7 gray and 1 white
b) 3 white and 9 gray
c) 10 gray and 2 white
d) 8 gray and 0 white
Dud it's pretty tough and it's not GROSS for sure at least :scared: for me ,I'll say D cause if by neck you mean Cervical part Of spinal cord ! keep up on good work mascle man I liked it
 
BABAK kabab said:
Dud it's pretty tough and it's not GROSS for sure at least :scared: for me ,I'll say D cause if by neck you mean Cervical part Of spinal cord ! keep up on good work mascle man I liked it


LOL fella.. :laugh:

i just retyped wat i found... and i dint make up the question...
:cool:
 
After the synapse, postganglionic fibers travel laterally in a gray ramus communicans to reach a cervical ventral primary ramus. The superior cervical ganglion sends gray rami to C1-C4 VPR; the middle sends rami to C5-6 typically, and inferior sends gray rami to C7-8 (and T1 if it's stellate).

Hence ans D) 8 gray rami...

had seen this.. in one of the old question papers... probably the oldest :laugh:
 
some dental anatomy questions.

Mesial and distal contacts are at the same level, cervico incisally or occlusally , in which permanent teeth.?
 
currency said:
some dental anatomy questions.

Mesial and distal contacts are at the same level, cervico incisally or occlusally , in which permanent teeth.?



mandibular central incisor
 
hey... i got a big :D doubt... :confused:
i thought more than one tooth have
Mesial and distal contacts are at the same level, cervico incisally or occlusally , in which permanent teeth.?

even premolars and molars.. have at the same level rit????? :confused: :confused:
 
Is only stratum basale is also known as stratum germinativum or stratum basale and stratum spinosum are collectively known as stratum germinativum



Tubotympanic recess is derived from 1st or 2nd pharyngeal pouch??
 
Rossu said:
Is only stratum basale is also known as stratum germinativum or stratum basale and stratum spinosum are collectively known as stratum germinativum


Stratum germinativum or stratum basale is the layer of keratinocytes that lies at the base of the epidermis immediately above the dermis. It consists of a single layer of tall, simple columnar epithelial cells lying on a basement membrane. These cells undergo rapid cell division to replenish the regular loss of skin by shedding from the surface.






Tubotympanic recess is derived from 1st or 2nd pharyngeal pouch??



inner ear (otic placode), middle ear (1st pharyngeal pouch and 1st and 2nd arch mesenchyme), and outer ear (1st pharyngeal cleft and 6 surface hillocks)

http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/face.htm anyother ???? pls. reffer thi web site
 
tamanna said:
inner ear (otic placode), middle ear (1st pharyngeal pouch and 1st and 2nd arch mesenchyme), and outer ear (1st pharyngeal cleft and 6 surface hillocks)

http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/face.htm anyother ???? pls. reffer thi web site

stratum basale and stratum spinosum together are known as stratum germivatum .

tubotympanic recess is derived from first pharyngeal arch .

let me know if the answers are right or wrong


good luck .
 
panamh said:
stratum basale and stratum spinosum together are known as stratum germivatum .

tubotympanic recess is derived from first pharyngeal arch .

let me know if the answers are right or wrong


good luck .



you are right.


stratum basale and stratum spinosum are metabolically active and are frequently referredeas stratum germinativum or stratum malphigi

stratum granulosum, startum lucidium, startum corneum together constitute the "cornified zone or strata".




hope this is information is enough for anyone
 
Mock test akg/1:

there are 12 questions listed below:

if any one can answer them in one attempt without looking inot books or reference texts , they can get following scores in anatomy in real part 1 exam.

12/12 ----100 score
11/12---99
10/12---95 and above
8-9/12---90 and above
6-7/12---85 and above
5/12----75 and above

good luck guys



here starts the paper:



1)In a histologic section through the epiphyseal plate of the femur of an 18 yr old male,which of the following is the zone in which cartilage lacunae appear swollen and the chondrocytes are large?

a.proliferation
b.bone deposition
c.reserve cartilage
d.cartilage calcification
e.hypertrophy and maturation



2) If the internal; carotid arteries become occluded then blood can still reach the arterial circle primarily through which of the following arteries?


a.vertebral
b.middle cerebral
c.superior cerebellar
d.anterior inferior cerebellar
e.posterior inferior cerebellar


3)A laceration of the palatal mucosa in the area of the first molar is MOST likely to damage which of the following arteries?


a.posterior superior alveolar
b.greater plaatine
c.lesser palatine
d.pterygopalatine
e.nasopalatine


4)The articulating aurface of the adult mandibular condyle is covered by which of the following substances?

a.elastic tissue
b.synovial membrane
c.hyaline cartilage
d.typical perichondrium
e.collagenous connective tissue



5) A blow that shatters the coracoid process wil have a direct effect on which of the following pairs of the muscles?


a.serratus anterior and pectoralis major
b.subscapular and pectoralis major
c.biceps brachi and pectoralis major
d.subscapularis and subclavius
e.deltoid and subclavius


6) The sympathetic innervation to structures of the head and neck is distributed via the

a.blood vessels
b.fascial planes
c.lymphatic vessles
d.hyoid musculature
e.cranial nerves III,VII.IX & X


7)The spleen is in closest relation to which of the following?

a.duodenum
b.right kidney
c.ascending colon
d.right lobe of the liver
e.inferior surface of the diaphragm



8)each of the following is found in the retrodiscal pad of the TMJ EXCEPT one.Which is the EXCEPTION?

a.elastic fibers
b.venous plexus
c.collagen fibers
d.hylaine cartilage
e.loose connective tissue


9) if local anesthetic solution wre deposited in the pterygopalatine fossa, then which of the following would be anesthetized?


a.V1
b.V2
c.V3
d.facial nerve
e.vagus nerve



10) whic of the following two muscles prevent the food from entering the nasopharynx during swallowing?

a.mylohyoid and palatoglossus
b.styloglossus and platoglossus
c.tensor tympani and the stylopharyngeus
d.tensor veli palatini and the levator veli palatinin
e.musculus uvulae and inferior pharyngeal constrictor


11) which of the following correctly matches a part of the urinary system with its characteristic type of epithelium?


a.large collecting tubule-------stratified columnar
b.thin limb of henle------------simple columnar
c.urinary bladder-------------stratified squamous
d.thick limb of henle----------stratified cuboidal
e.bowman's capsule----------simple squamous



12)A tendon consists mainly of


a. reticular fibers
b.elastic fiber bundles
c.loose collagenous bundles
d.dense , regular, collagenous bundles
e.dense irregular, collagenous bundles




-----------------------------------------------------------
good luck , its a mock test, sooner more mock tests wil be posted by me, intrested solve it, if not ignore them.....once again good luck to all ...

all correct anwers will be posted sooner....
 
Mock test akg/1:

there are 12 questions listed below:

if any one can answer them in one attempt without looking inot books or reference texts , they can get following scores in anatomy in real part 1 exam.

12/12 ----100 score
11/12---99
10/12---95 and above
8-9/12---90 and above
6-7/12---85 and above
5/12----75 and above

good luck guys



here starts the paper:



1)In a histologic section through the epiphyseal plate of the femur of an 18 yr old male,which of the following is the zone in which cartilage lacunae appear swollen and the chondrocytes are large?

a.proliferation (ans)
b.bone deposition
c.reserve cartilage
d.cartilage calcification
e.hypertrophy and maturation



2) If the internal; carotid arteries become occluded then blood can still reach the arterial circle primarily through which of the following arteries?


a.vertebral (ans)
b.middle cerebral
c.superior cerebellar
d.anterior inferior cerebellar
e.posterior inferior cerebellar


3)A laceration of the palatal mucosa in the area of the first molar is MOST likely to damage which of the following arteries?


a.posterior superior alveolar
b.greater plaatine(ans)
c.lesser palatine
d.pterygopalatine
e.nasopalatine


4)The articulating aurface of the adult mandibular condyle is covered by which of the following substances?

a.elastic tissue
b.synovial membrane
c.hyaline cartilage(ans)
d.typical perichondrium
e.collagenous connective tissue



5) A blow that shatters the coracoid process wil have a direct effect on which of the following pairs of the muscles?


a.serratus anterior and pectoralis major
b.subscapular and pectoralis major
c.biceps brachi and pectoralis major(ans)
d.subscapularis and subclavius
e.deltoid and subclavius


6) The sympathetic innervation to structures of the head and neck is distributed via the

a.blood vessels
b.fascial planes
c.lymphatic vessles
d.hyoid musculature
e.cranial nerves III,VII.IX & X(ans)


7)The spleen is in closest relation to which of the following?

a.duodenum
b.right kidney
c.ascending colon
d.right lobe of the liver
e.inferior surface of the diaphragm(ans)



8)each of the following is found in the retrodiscal pad of the TMJ EXCEPT one.Which is the EXCEPTION?

a.elastic fibers
b.venous plexus
c.collagen fibers
d.hylaine cartilage(ans)
e.loose connective tissue


9) if local anesthetic solution wre deposited in the pterygopalatine fossa, then which of the following would be anesthetized?


a.V1
b.V2
c.V3
d.facial nerve(ans)
e.vagus nerve



10) whic of the following two muscles prevent the food from entering the nasopharynx during swallowing?

a.mylohyoid and palatoglossus
b.styloglossus and platoglossus
c.tensor tympani and the stylopharyngeus
d.tensor veli palatini and the levator veli palatinin(ans)
e.musculus uvulae and inferior pharyngeal constrictor


11) which of the following correctly matches a part of the urinary system with its characteristic type of epithelium?


a.large collecting tubule-------stratified columnar
b.thin limb of henle------------simple columnar
c.urinary bladder-------------stratified squamous
d.thick limb of henle----------stratified cuboidal
e.bowman's capsule----------simple squamous(ans)



12)A tendon consists mainly of


a. reticular fibers
b.elastic fiber bundles
c.loose collagenous bundles
d.dense , regular, collagenous bundles
e.dense irregular, collagenous bundles(ans)




-----------------------------------------------------------
good luck , its a mock test, sooner more mock tests wil be posted by me, intrested solve it, if not ignore them.....once again good luck to all ...

all correct anwers will be posted sooner....



CORRECT ME IF AM WRONG>> which i am more in more than one... :D

without ref.. rit.. LOL lets see.. how much i score...
 
12)A tendon consists mainly of


a. reticular fibers
b.elastic fiber bundles
c.loose collagenous bundles
d.dense , regular, collagenous bundles
e.dense irregular, collagenous bundles(ans)


CORRECT ME IF AM WRONG>> which i am more in more than one... :D

without ref.. rit.. LOL lets see.. how much i score...[/QUOTE]






hey muscleman,
the answer for this question is dense,regular,collagenous bundles.

dense irregular collagenous bundles are found in dermis,capsules of glands,connective tissue sheaths of muscles and nerves,periosteum and tunica adventia of blood vessels.

correct it me,if i am wrong
 
b'lore said:
12)A tendon consists mainly of


a. reticular fibers
b.elastic fiber bundles
c.loose collagenous bundles
d.dense , regular, collagenous bundles
e.dense irregular, collagenous bundles(ans)


CORRECT ME IF AM WRONG>> which i am more in more than one... :D

without ref.. rit.. LOL lets see.. how much i score...






hey muscleman,
the answer for this question is dense,regular,collagenous bundles.

dense irregular collagenous bundles are found in dermis,capsules of glands,connective tissue sheaths of muscles and nerves,periosteum and tunica adventia of blood vessels.

correct it me,if i am wrong[/QUOTE]



I agree.. :idea: u r rit...
:D thanks for correcting me
 
mock test akg/1

the answers are :


1)hypertrophy and maturation

explanation:

1. Zone of Resting Cartilage ---nothing much interesting evenst takes place here

2. Zone of Proliferation or Growth ----here you find more number of cells but not swollen up cells , chrateristic "stack of pan cake look" , cells are just dividing rapidly here.

3. Zone of Maturation or Hypertrophy ----here you find swollen , hypertrophied cells with lacunae , heading for calcification, here you find cells with pyknotic nuclei, glycogen deposits and lacunae

4. Zone of Calcification



2)vertebral artery

3)greater palatine

4)hyaline cartilage

5)biceps brachi and pectoralis major

6)cranial nerves III,VII.IX & X

7)inferior surface of the diaphragm

8)hylaine cartilage

9)maxillary nerve / V2

explanation: The pterygopalatine fossa has the shape of an inverted cone. It is located lateral to the nasal cavity, anterior inferior to the middle cranial fossa, inferior to the apex of the orbit and medial to the infratemporal fossa. It communicates with the orbit, middle cranial fossa, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oral cavity and infratemporal fossa by means of two fissures, two foramina and three canals.

The pterygopalatine fossa contains Maxillary nerve V2 (second division of the Trigeminal nerve), the pterygopalatine ganglion and the third part of the Maxillary artery.

Inferiorly pterygopalatine fossa continues into a canal:

pterygopalatine canal------connection with the roof of the oral cavity. Pterygopalatine canal leads to the greater and lesser palatine foramina.

Contents: descending palatine nerve (a branch of V2 coming off the pterygopalatine ganglion), descending palatine artery (a branch of the third part of the maxillary artery). In the canal, the descending palatine nerve as well as the artery give off middle and inferior lateral nasal branches.


10) tensor veli palatini and the levator veli palatini

11)bowman's capsule----------simple squamous

12)dense , regular, collagenous bundles



these are the correct answers, if any one has doubts about them lets disucss and justify your answer with explantion and source.


------------------------------------------------------------------------
sooner akg/2 mock test 2 with more number of questions in anatomy will be posted, all those who want to give it hard (part 1) ,be prepared .


good luck
 
akg,
could u explain the Q4, why the ans is not e) collagen connective tissue?
thanks
cryo
 
cryo said:
akg,
could u explain the Q4, why the ans is not e) collagen connective tissue?
thanks
cryo


The answer isnt hyaline cartilage...
its fibrous cartilage.. so it is collage connective tissue..

Hyaline.. present in all joints.. excepts.. TMJ wer u see fibrous cartilage...

:D
 
How many nucleotides are needed to code for protein with 150 amino acid?
a 50
b 150
c 300
d 450
e 600

The cell membrane is LEAST permeable to wich of the following
a O2
b CO2
c H20
d Sodium
e Ethanol


Please explain why.
Thank you
 
Felipillo said:
How many nucleotides are needed to code for protein with 150 amino acid?
a 50
b 150
c 300
d 450
e 600

The cell membrane is LEAST permeable to wich of the following
a O2
b CO2
c H20
d Sodium
e Ethanol


Please explain why.
Thank you


The first one.. i think its 150*3
ans-450
bcos.. 3nucleotides.. for one aminoacid...

second.. i think.. sodium..
no idea... logically.. answered.. bcos.. uses quiest a lot of atps :D for na atpase pump....
 
[The cell membrane is LEAST permeable to wich of the following
a O2
b CO2
c H20
d Sodium
e Ethanol

Ans ... D

O2 , CO2, H2O r permeable to cellmembrane as they r small and non polar molecules
ETHANOL IS AN ALCOHOL WHICH IS PERMEABLE TO CELLMEMBRANE

CORRECT ME IF I AM WRONG
 
i am not sure with your answer to question 1)
as the key part in the question is the age of the person ie. 18yrs
a person with this age and no history of any injury or disease cannot have hypertrophied cells .
i hope you get my point so i feel that the answer should be proliferation .
do let me know your view regarding this .
good luck





akg said:
mock test akg/1





ix


the answers are :


1)hypertrophy and maturation

explanation:

1. Zone of Resting Cartilage ---nothing much interesting evenst takes place here

2. Zone of Proliferation or Growth ----here you find more number of cells but not swollen up cells , chrateristic "stack of pan cake look" , cells are just dividing rapidly here.

3. Zone of Maturation or Hypertrophy ----here you find swollen , hypertrophied cells with lacunae , heading for calcification, here you find cells with pyknotic nuclei, glycogen deposits and lacunae

4. Zone of Calcification



2)vertebral artery

3)greater palatine

4)hyaline cartilage

5)biceps brachi and pectoralis major

6)cranial nerves III,VII.IX & X

7)inferior surface of the diaphragm

8)hylaine cartilage

9)maxillary nerve / V2

explanation: The pterygopalatine fossa has the shape of an inverted cone. It is located lateral to the nasal cavity, anterior inferior to the middle cranial fossa, inferior to the apex of the orbit and medial to the infratemporal fossa. It communicates with the orbit, middle cranial fossa, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oral cavity and infratemporal fossa by means of two fissures, two foramina and three canals.

The pterygopalatine fossa contains Maxillary nerve V2 (second division of the Trigeminal nerve), the pterygopalatine ganglion and the third part of the Maxillary artery.

Inferiorly pterygopalatine fossa continues into a canal:

pterygopalatine canal------connection with the roof of the oral cavity. Pterygopalatine canal leads to the greater and lesser palatine foramina.

Contents: descending palatine nerve (a branch of V2 coming off the pterygopalatine ganglion), descending palatine artery (a branch of the third part of the maxillary artery). In the canal, the descending palatine nerve as well as the artery give off middle and inferior lateral nasal branches.


10) tensor veli palatini and the levator veli palatini

11)bowman's capsule----------simple squamous

12)dense , regular, collagenous bundles



these are the correct answers, if any one has doubts about them lets disucss and justify your answer with explantion and source.


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sooner akg/2 mock test 2 with more number of questions in anatomy will be posted, all those who want to give it hard (part 1) ,be prepared .


good luck
 
cryo said:
akg,
could u explain the Q4, why the ans is not e) collagen connective tissue?
thanks
cryo


i'm sorry

you are right

i thought i have posted the answer as collagenous connective tissue,
once again sorry for the trouble

the explanation is:

tmj is an exception for the joint where you wont find hyaline cartilage , instead you just find the a disk that is made up of FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE , which in histlogocal section under microscope reveals type 1 collagen bundles .


read tencate if you have the text book , it also discuss you about the latest research findings about it.
 
panamh said:
i am not sure with your answer to question 1)
as the key part in the question is the age of the person ie. 18yrs
a person with this age and no history of any injury or disease cannot have hypertrophied cells .
i hope you get my point so i feel that the answer should be proliferation .
do let me know your view regarding this .
good luck



it cannot be profileration . in all books and weblinks i searched i find it saying maturation zone , in proliferating zone you find cells undergoing rapid mitotic divisions and get arranged perpendicular to epiphyseal plates in the form of long parallel columns , hence the name stack of pan cake look.

while in maturation and hypertrophy zone they get swollen up and held with a lacunae reflecting the metabolic activity of the cell through pyknotic nuclei and glycogen deposits , heading towards calcification.

no rapidly dividing cell has ever been described or found in the histology books that they are swollen and large with pyknotic nuclei and glycogen deposits and more over in mitotically dividing cells the size never increases they just proliferate or grow in numbers

i hope this explanation should help you , if not try google and t ext books like

saunders ....bergman for histology
 
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