In the overall critique of your CV, posters and presentations don't really matter. But they are a way of demonstrating that you're doing something if you go a period of time without a manuscript (or don't have a manuscript on your CV yet). It can also serve to give you some feedback for when you do start to write the manuscript, or disseminate your ideas if your work is not necessarily robust enough for a full manuscript (yet).
I have approximately 5 projects ongoing right now. One is in the final stages of the manuscript submission process (we've sent revisions and are awaiting the decision), one is in the early stages of the manuscript submission process (getting all the authors to agree on the manuscript before it's submitted), two are in the manuscript preparation phase (data analysis complete, trying to figure out how to frame the results), and one is in the data analysis phase. Having poster presentations for some of these indicates to others that I'm doing work, I just haven't gotten it accepted as a manuscript yet.
So, no, no penalty in not presenting as long as something comes out of the project.