I've seen a couple of cases too......one was a construction worker who fell 70-75' onto his head. He wound up as an organ donor.
The other was a suicide off of a building.....his knees were several inches closer to his hips and ankles than they should have been. The most dramatic finding was a obvious spine fracture/dislocation that produced a bulge.
Falls from heights are different, Gotta do some teaching:
Mortality from fall landing on feet (axial deceleration):
3 stories (30 feet) = low
4 stories (40 feet) = 50%
5 stories (50 feet) = approaches 100%
Bones broken (more or less in order of likelihood): calcaneous, lumbar vertebra, tibial plateau, talus, pelvis, femoral neck, cervical vertebrae. Although, I think if you knew how to do an old fashioned parachute roll, you might get away with just a distal fibula. That would be much to be desired.
Viscera injured are less common and will not be those you are accustomed to see with the usual transverse deceleration of car accidents. Actually come to think of it, you guys don't see much of that either, given air bags, three point restraints and unit passenger cage construction. EM is getting boring.
😡
Anyway, with falls from heights giving axial deceleration the organs most often injured are those suspended by mesentery and/or hollow, fluid filled. So, mesentric tears leading to bowel hematomas and/or ischemia, bladder, Renal artery, IVC and other vessels.
On the other hand, cats falling from skyscapers sort of relax out, turn their body into parachutes, land and run away, even crazier than usual.
They don't all run away, however. Apparently, it's raining cats and dogs in NYC.
: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1987 Dec 1;191(11):1399-403.
Links
Erratum in: J Am Vet Med Assoc 1988 Feb 15;192(4):542.
High-rise syndrome in cats.
Department of Surgery, Animal Medical Center, New York, NY 10021.
High-rise syndrome was diagnosed in 132 cats over a 5-month period. The mean age of the cats was 2.7 years. Ninety percent of the cats had some form of thoracic trauma. Of these, 68% had pulmonary contusions and 63% had pneumothorax. Abnormal respiratory patterns were evident clinically in 55%. Other common clinical findings included facial trauma (57%), limb fractures (39%), shock (24%), traumatic luxations (18%), hard palate fractures (17%), hypothermia (17%), and dental fractures (17%). Emergency (life-sustaining) treatment, primarily because of thoracic trauma and shock, was required in 37% of the cats. Nonemergency treatment was required in an additional 30%. The remaining 30% were observed, but did not require treatment. Ninety percent of the treated cats survived.
High-rise syndrome in dogs: 81 cases (1985-1991).
Department of Surgery, Animal Medical Center, New York, NY 10021.
We evaluated 81 dogs with high-rise syndrome. Dogs fell from 1 to 6 stories, and of 52 dogs for which the fall was witnessed, 39 had (75%) jumped. Dogs sustained a triad of injuries to the face, thorax, and extremities, similar to injuries seen in cats with high-rise syndrome, but with differences in degree and distribution. Height fallen and landing surface affected initial status and type and severity of injury. Cause of fall influenced distribution of extremity injury. Dogs falling < 3 stories had a high prevalence of extremity fractures. Higher falls resulted in more spinal injuries. We recommend initial treatment for shock and thoracic trauma followed by orthopedic and neurologic evaluation. Visceral trauma should be considered if response to emergency treatment is poor. All but 1 of the dogs survived.
PMID: 8420897 [PubMed - indexed