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PBL tutorial groups + tutors

Started by pitman
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pitman

Grasshopper
20+ Year Member
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I'm reposting this here because I think it's gotten buried in the Australian Schools thread (apologies if this is a no-no).
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Aussie students/grads (hopefully some from each Aussie PBL school):

I do like the sound of roundtable discussions, Socratic method, etc. in PBL. But since the schools don't go into it much on their web sites, I'm very curious about the tutors and their effectiveness -- who are they, from what pool do they come? what are they trained to do, and do they do a good job of "guiding" the discussions?

Also, how are groups assigned, how often do they change, and do you wish they were more or less dynamic than they are?

Tanks.

-Pitman
 
This is how it was a few years ago at Flinders:

the tutors came from a group comprised of basic science professors and clinical practitioners of medicine

they all underwent some sort of training program; I do not know how in-depth or rigorous it was/is

their effectiveness, IMHO, varies wildly. I had some that sat in the corner and didn't say a word during the entire session; others whom wouldn't correct students if they were wrong and some who spent more time trying to get students to play "nice". I longed for more interaction/teaching from the tutors, but that wasn't their role. I found the physicians to be the best tutors, as they could help us focus on clinically relevant material.

we changed groups each semester; they were supposedly randomly assigned but one semester there was a tute group "from hell" - full of students widely known to be difficult to deal with or just plain ignorant.

I found PBL less than useful for most medical school topics - instead of assisting me in my studies, they only took away time from it and there was very little "Socratic" method going on. A visiting professor from U New Mexico, widely published in the field of PBL research was said to be appalled at what he saw there - very ineffective learning, if any at all.
 
Kimberli, that sounds like quite an indictment -- with PBL at the crux of the curriculum, it sounds like you got trained almost *in spite of* PBL, in which case you learned almost exclusively from rounds and independent studying(?) Did the groups help at least to find motivated students to study with?

Also, did you see any trend in the type(s)/background(s) of students who were ignorant/incompetent?

-Pitman
 
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Originally posted by pitman
Kimberli, that sounds like quite an indictment -- with PBL at the crux of the curriculum, it sounds like you got trained almost *in spite of* PBL, in which case you learned almost exclusively from rounds and independent studying(?) Did the groups help at least to find motivated students to study with?

Also, did you see any trend in the type(s)/background(s) of students who were ignorant/incompetent?

-Pitman

You are quite right. I've been fairly vocal about this in previous posts on this forum. I believe in the concept of PBL and was anxious to utilize it more (we had done so on to a small degree in grad school).

However, I found that the VAST majority of my learning was independent (which was not suprising - I expected it to be) or from clinical rotations. I believe PBL, at least the way it was taught when I was at Flinders, wholey inadequate for the teachings of basic science. Couple that with the fact that when we expressed concerns over our lack of basic science knowledge we would often be told that it wasn't necessary to have detailed knowledge as a practicing physician. Remind me of that when I struggle to analyze a metabolic or chemistry panel, when I try to remember (although I suppose it isn't called "remembering" when one never adequately learned in the first place) basic anatomy and physiology, or the various microbiological diseases and their treatments.

My experience is certainly not unique. It makes a difference what you do after graduation. In Australia, the senior medical students have a lot less responsibility, working hours and teaching than do US students. However, in Oz, in my observation, interns spent a lot more time learning the basics of practicing medicine - things I was already expected to know when I arrived in the US (ie, besides the above, ordering correct fluid and electrolyte replacement, drug dosages, pain management, writing orders, admit H & Ps, reading xrays independently, etc.)

I cannot comment on what the situation is now. But if you do choose a PBL curriculum, whether at Flinders or elsewhere, you must realize that the MAJORITY of your learning is YOUR RESPONSIBILITY and that it will not occur during PBL sessions. These are designed as a FRAMEWORK for your studies, not to be the basis of information/knowledge - that comes from reading independently, working on the wards, etc.

Those that did the best did so because they understood the above, worked hard outside of class, spent more time on the wards than was expected (which I should have done, I spent much more time in the OR - which benefitted my knowledge there, but not on ward managment), etc.

The only common denominator I could find with those that were less up to speed was that they were not science majors and had not taken the "US equivalent of pre-med coursework". At the time I was there, you were not required to to gain admission to a Aussie school. I think it definitely held those back that hadn't had the science background. Otherwise, students who spent more time partying and not studying on their own at home did less well.

This should not discourage you frm seeking an Australian medical education but rather as a note that while PBL is wonderful in its place (ie, teaching medical ethics, psychology, clinical case solving/differential diagnosis), I feel it falls far short of expectations for the first two years of basic science training. You must be willing and able to teach yourself in a PBL environment, or at least seek out the resources (which ARE there and available to you).
 
ok, that relaxes me a bit -- I already expected the indepedent science learning. But it does sound troubling that the PBL researcher found PBL there appalling.
 
I concur with Kim on the wide variability of the quality of the PBL tutor. One block in first year, my tutor's qualification was, besides being a kindergarten teacher, that her ex-husband was a doctor! Our outrage to the admin promptly removed her from the pool of tutors. In first year, the tutors were mostly PhDs in the sciences and weren't all that helpful in directing the session. I'd say the basic science teachings were hit and miss (eg. physio, immunology great and anatomy, micro bad). Second year has been quite different. All of the tutors have been clinicians, more authoritative, and they grill you until they're satisfied the topic has been thoroughly exhausted. The clinicians have been both surgeons and physicians. It's quite entertaining listenting to them bag each other out. Anything a surgeon doesn't know is dismissed as 'physician hocus pocus' and anything blatantly obvious is 'something even a surgeon would know' Pathology and clinical skills teaching has been excellent. Obviously, I'll need to put in a lot of time into anatomy and the rest come step 1 study time.
PBL isn't the end-all and be-all of med education, but though I don't love it, I still hate sitting in a lecture hall for six-eight hours straight even more.
 
Originally posted by The Pill Counter
Obviously, I'll need to put in a lot of time into anatomy and the rest come step 1 study time.

Good to hear your input on the subject. Hold off on the studying anatomy for Step 1 - while it is useful regardless of your future career plans, there is so little gross anatomy on Step 1 that I wouldn't spend much time on it for that purpose.
 
Thanks Kimberli and Pill, hopefully someone from USyd will also add their comments.

I just read the following MJA article (2003) on self-reported preparedness of interns who graduated from USyd graduate PBL program (vs. previously collected data on undergrad PBL grads and grads from traditional schools):

http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/178_04_170203/dea10434_fm.html

Granted, data was self-reported, and the study was conducted by USyd researchers on USyd PBL grads, but the conclusions are similar to what Aus. PBL students/grads (and across several PBL schools!) have been saying on this board: interns had higher self-rating of confidence, communications skills, self-directed learning, holistic/prevention, and some other areas, while lower self-rating in basic science, particularly...you guessed it Pill Counter...microbiology and anatomy.

So would it be fair to say that to prepare for USMLE, students will need to focus more, independent of the program, on micro, anat (although USMLE doesn't test much anat. as Kimberli has pointed out), and presumably biochem? Are there any other specific areas that are particularly weak (I could start studying tomorrow 😛)?

Also...Kimberli -- do students actually read as many textbooks as are listed at:
http://cal.fmc.flinders.edu.au/gemp/admin/RecommendedTexts.pdf
(over 40 listed for first two years alone)...I'll probably start on biochem (had none in college) -- do you have a recommendation on text (with USMLE + general preparedness in mind)? Tanks!

-Pitman
 
Originally posted by pitman
Thanks Kimberli and Pill, hopefully someone from USyd will also add their comments.

I just read the following MJA article (2003) on self-reported preparedness of interns who graduated from USyd graduate PBL program (vs. previously collected data on undergrad PBL grads and grads from traditional schools):

http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/178_04_170203/dea10434_fm.html

Granted, data was self-reported, and the study was conducted by USyd researchers on USyd PBL grads, but the conclusions are similar to what Aus. PBL students/grads (and across several PBL schools!) have been saying on this board: interns had higher self-rating of confidence, communications skills, self-directed learning, holistic/prevention, and some other areas, while lower self-rating in basic science, particularly...you guessed it Pill Counter...microbiology and anatomy.

So would it be fair to say that to prepare for USMLE, students will need to focus more, independent of the program, on micro, anat (although USMLE doesn't test much anat. as Kimberli has pointed out), and presumably biochem? Are there any other specific areas that are particularly weak (I could start studying tomorrow 😛)?

Also...Kimberli -- do students actually read as many textbooks as are listed at:
http://cal.fmc.flinders.edu.au/gemp/admin/RecommendedTexts.pdf
(over 40 listed for first two years alone)...I'll probably start on biochem (had none in college) -- do you have a recommendation on text (with USMLE + general preparedness in mind)? Tanks!

-Pitman

The results from the study quoted above are not suprising - most PBL students feel better clinically prepared than scientifically prepared. I know that I compared favorably to my US counterparts on clinical aspects - had several US faculty tell me so during my elective rotations. Unfortunately, you gotta know the basis science as well. In general, PBL students do worse on Step 1 than those in a traditional curriculum and slightly better on Steps 2 and 3, as I recall.

I don't know how many books I bought during the first two years but I've got a LOT! 😉 Buy the books if you need them, but don't skimp just because you think you might be able to get by. Nothing like having the resource at home with you when you need it. At any rate, the list is a comprehensive of recommended books - they aren't stating that you need all of them; there are several histology books for example, just choose ONE of the ones recommended, not all of them. This will shorten the list considerably. I can't imagine that you would need an Anesthesia book and some of the others on the list.

I would recommend the Lippincott review book for Biochem. You won't need the detail offered in a traditional textbook, and the Lippincott is good for USMLE as well as the course. If you do need/want more detail, I suggest Marks and Marks - written in a very humorous style which makes for easier recall. For USMLE, focus on Micro nad Path as the most tested subjects.
 
I'm at Newcastle, and so far our tutors have been - GPs (two) and a Renal Physician. Each tutor took about 2 or 3 modules. Each tutor brought a very nice mix of knowledge to the group. We enjoyed the GP tutors a lot, they brought first hand clinical experience of common medical conditions and issues , whereas the renal physician was quite helpful during the stroke/hypertension module.

I REALLY enjoy PBL approach, most of my learning prompts and cues happen during the tutorials and our learning goals which we present to our group prompt us to then go learn what we need to know in depth. So in a way what Kimberli is saying/doing is a PBL type of learning, i.e. independent learning with some cues from PBL tutorials. I think it makes for a very strong clinical background from a very early stage - you can always learn/read/pick up Theory or Science, half the time people who have learnt it well also have to consult books when faced with a science question.

On the other hand sometimes, I don't differentiate between clinicals and Sciences because they are so interlinked to your understanding. The PBL tuts take care of that. And anatomy and microbiology is also upto the individual student to learn and integrate into the clinical areas and I can't say for the other courses but our course does it quite well.