Proton NMR

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wondergirl3

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Hello everyone

Can someone explain to me the coupling and splitting signals in proton NMR?

We "learned" about it in class yesterday and I had no idea what the professor was saying while he went through the slides.
I understand the individual signals of protons when attached to ex: an aldehyde- H signal around 8-10 ppm, but then he went onto coupling and splitting.
I know the coupling constant is the distance in between peaks but how does that help when determining how many peaks will show up?
He also went on to talk about septuplets of doublets, triplets of doublets. I was so lost.
I know that for basic n+1, it follows the Pascal's triangle, but how do you know if you will see a doublet of a triplet and other sorts?
How do I know if a proton will couple with its neighboring carbon's? Protons do not couple with identical ones, but how do I determine which it will couple with? I am so confused!

Can someone please help me understand splitting and coupling?

Sincerely,
Wondergirl
 
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