Seems to me that ER docs would have relatively little red tape. If a person comes into the ER sick, the ER doc needs to do whatever is needed to take care of the person. The only real red tape I've seen in ER is when the person is in an HMO that doesn't have a contract w/the hospital, and the patient needs to be admitted. Along this line, I think the more "elective" or "optional" type procedures and tests that come under a specialty, the more red tape the doc is going to have with regard to HMO auth and stuff like that.