Great post Nick. I've been wanting to do something like this for some while but just haven't taken the time. I hope you don't mind if I go through and emphasize and piggy back on some of the parts I find most important.
Pre-Submission
Reread, reread, and reread some more your AMCAS application. Make sure all of the information is entered correctly and check for spelling and grammar mistakes multiple times. I got into a habit of reading my entire application at the end of every day I worked on it; I probably read my application in its entirety 10+ times before I submitted it. In addition to minimizing writing mistakes, this will also make you very familiar with what you wrote in your application, which is important for interviews.
Very important for interviews. You should know your application front and back and this is the best way to do it. Also, if you can read your application three times in a row and nod "yeah, that's what I want to say, nothing more, nothing less," you know you're ready to submit.
Don't rush any part of the application. Contrary to most SDN advice, you don't need to submit the application on June 1st or… gasp… June 2nd. While the time to get verified does get much longer pretty quickly, you probably won't be receiving any secondaries until mid-to-late July anyway (unless AMCAS and schools change how they do things significantly). Don't compromise the integrity of your application for the sake of submitting on the first day possible.
A better essay will improve your chances of getting an interview MUCH more than submitting a few days (or even weeks) earlier.
Make sure you fully explain your activities on your application. Unless it's obvious what you did (e.g., you don't necessarily need to explain what you did when you shadowed), the adcom may or may not know what you did even though it might be patently obvious to you. Remember that the people reading your application have no idea who you are; you have to make sure you review your application with that mindset (the only things they're going to know about you are what you disclose in your application). Everything from your personal statement to your activity descriptions should speak to your character and your motivation to become a physician.
Seriously, this. Adcoms wont care about your experiences unless you can somehow explain why they a) improved your character or b)directly or somehow relevantly relate to medicine. Ideally, they should do both.
Be intentional about the schools you choose to apply to.
Can't be emphasized enough. I wasted so much money applying to schools simply because I met their numbers. Actually go through each school carefully that you're considering.
This is what I did, and I think it left me with a good list of schools:
-get the MSAR
-flag schools at which your numbers are competitive (i.e., your numbers are within the second half of the shaded bar or above)
-flag a couple of reach schools if you want to go that route
-flag a couple of schools you would consider "safeties"
-eliminate any schools that aren't OOS-friendly if you're OOS
-eliminate any schools in locations that you absolutely don't want to be at
-look at school websites if you need to cut your list down further; I'd recommend looking at information on dual-degree programs (if applicable), the curriculum, and any unique programs/opportunities they might have for their students
One thing I would add to this is I would take a look at the secondary essays posted here on SDN. These essays don't change often. The way the questions are framed and worded also give you a good sense of what kind of students the school is looking for. Also, I wouldn't necessarily eliminate non-friendly OOS schools---you just better have a good reason (and be able to communicate that to the school) for wanting to go there.
Get ready for a long year.
Seriously. Get ready. Schools are only going more waitlist heavy as time goes on and, odds are, you will be playing the waitlist game.
I think this is probably the most important piece of advice I can give: be humble. Don't go into this process with any expectations.
Not only because you shouldn't, but because your expectations will also change GREATLY over the application cycle.
Secondaries
FOR SECONDARIES THAT CONTAIN ESSAYS, MAKE SURE YOU TREAT THEM SERIOUSLY. A lot of people discount secondaries, and while that might be fine at some schools that simply require a rehash of your AMCAS, be particularly careful about schools that ask some form of the question, "why us?" IMO this question is extremely important, and a well-crafted answer might very well be the difference between getting an interview and not getting an interview. It's fine to copy and paste essays between different schools, but MAKE SURE YOUR ESSAY DIRECTLY ANSWERS THE PROMPT. Don't try and shortcut the essay by using an essay that tangentially addresses the question. I was never able to recycle essays without any sort of editing. If nothing else, different length requirements will cause you to cut parts of your essays out.
For many schools I'd say secondaries are if not as, but even more important than the primary. Like Nick said, the "why us" variations of questions are CRITICAL. Do some heavy research on the school and what they look for. Peruse their website and use the same language they do to describe their goals. Find out what kind of programs they have that you'd be interested in and mention them by name. Draw parallels to their strengths and your own. Some schools make this easy with very fleshedout and indepth websites. Some don't. For the ones that don't, do some google sleuthing or ask around here.
Be prompt with your secondaries, but like what was said with your AMCAS app, don't sacrifice quality for a quick turnaround. ... With schools that simply require confirmation of demographic information and/or a payment, however, you should get that returned ASAP (e.g., Harvard, Mayo, etc.).
One really important thing I would add here is that if you are applying to a large number of schools, I would DEFINITELY scout out each school's secondary and start working on drafts for them ASAP (ie: as soon as you're finished with AMCAS). I remember doing nothing in the couple weeks between when I submitted my primary and waited for secondaries, and payed for big time when they started rolling in quick in July. At any one time I'd have 5-15 secondaries stacked in my inbox, not getting completed, simply because I was overwhelmed. Use that time after you submit AMCAS to get all your horses lined up.
Be nice to the admissions staff when you're calling them and asking them about the status of your application. In fact, I wouldn't even call about the status of your application before you've been invited to interview.
I'd say its okay to email about your status as it heads into the more wintery months. I wouldn't call though.
Interviews
...make sure you book your date (if the school allows you to choose dates) ASAP, especially at rolling schools. Those dates will fill up quickly early on in the cycle. If you're still in school, you're going to HAVE to miss class. Class, IMO, isn't an excuse for choosing a later interview date over an earlier one.
Guys, make sure you have a decent suit. Buy one if you need to. Don't wear a suit that doesn't fit you well or isn't flattering. I'd recommend taking a look at the interview clothing thread for a whole bunch of pictures and commentary. While a suit won't get you accepted or rejected, you need to look PROFESSIONAL.
I would add to this by saying that you should also make sure you're comfortable. The best suit in the world wont make up for a lack of self confidence and carrying yourself well. Dress in something that makes you feel like yourself; if you're not used to wearing a suit, try wearing it out a bit before you interview to get used to it.
One thing that I didn't do but wish that I did was reread my application, especially secondaries, before each interview. Your overall application – of which your interview is a part – should tell a story, and rereading what you wrote in your applications can help keep that story cohesive.
Consistency is critical. Each piece of the admissions process should add onto the next and tie back to the others. If you mentioned in your primary that your driving motivation for going into medicine was taking care of your sick mother, don't change it in the interview.
You can't predict what kind of interviewer you're going to get. Check out the bizarre interview moments thread for some prime examples. If you get a combative, weird, quiet, etc. interviewer, you can't do anything but try and adapt and make the experience as positive as possible. Stay calm, answer their questions, and be positive. You will almost certainly have a weird interviewer at some point. Once you accept that fact, you shouldn't need to worry about it.
While you should be prepared for the most common questions (why this school, why do you want to be a physician, etc.), I would NOT rehearse answers under any circumstances. You'll risk coming across as stiff, boring, and uncomfortable if you simply recite a memorized answer. Try and remember key ideas but improvise exactly how you're going to express them – if you're a decent speaker, that'll make your response sound fresh and unrehearsed.
I think theres a difference here between rehearsing and reciting. Rehearsing, imo, is fine and will let you reinforce the points you want to express in your mind prior to the interview so that you don't forget when the nerves come. Reciting, on the other hand, would be memorizing what you want to say word for word, which is NOT a path you want to take. Not only will it come off stiff, but should you get any curveballs, you're screwed. The best way to prepare for an interview, imo, is by talking to family members you don't see very often. They're interested in knowing why you want to go into medicine and often don't know you extremely well. If you can explain it well to them and handle their questions, you'll feel very prepared come interview time.
Unless your application is submitted late or you have an extremely outstanding interview, at most schools interviewing at the end of the cycle doesn't bode well. Think about it: if your file was complete in August but you don't interview until January or February, what does that say? I wouldn't say that you're interviewing for the waitlist per se, but if they really wanted you, they would get you that interview invitation quicker than 4-6 months after you apply (
LizzyM has more or less confirmed that this is how the process works at her institution). There certainly might be other factors outside your control that may contribute to this long delay – slow reviewer, your application gets lost in the bathroom, etc. – but I wouldn't put too much stock in that. The fact is that there are people that will be complete months after you but will be invited to interview before you. I'm not sure what else that can possibly say but "we're interested in you, but not that interested." Again, I'm not saying this is a guaranteed thing and I'm sure people interview late at schools and get accepted, but I wouldn't be too optimistic about interviews late in the cycle if your file was complete early on (with the exception, perhaps, of non-rolling schools; but even then I think this is somewhat true, because while they may not fully evaluate your file until after all interviews are done, your file IS being evaluated to determine whether or not you'll get an interview – in other words, interview invites are given out in a rolling manner).
While I think this is generally correct, I still think the entire thing is extremely school dependent. I know some schools that interview for waitlist spots, while others that are required to not have filled their class before the last interview.
Make sure you have a question or two ready to ask your interviewer when you get to the "so, do you have any questions for me?" phase of the interview. I used the exact same 2-3 questions with every interviewer, so once you formulate them it gets pretty easy. If I happened to have specific questions about a school I would ask those instead, but if I didn't (and it's wholly possible that you wouldn't) I'd go with the general questions. I'd recommend taking a look at the school's website the night before your interview to try and come up with some topics for questions. If the tour and/or meet-and-greet is before the interview, PAY ATTENTION and try and get some questions from those parts of the day. That way you'll seem very interested and knowledgeable about the school.
This. Have some canned questions ready (and good ones at that, not simply 'why do you like xxx school?'). I'd also try to come up with a unique question for that school based on the information you receive that day
My best piece of advice for interviews is to be flexible and be yourself. Unfortunately there's not an easy way to change who you are, which will more than anything dictate how you do in interviews. If you're quiet, nervous, and not personable, you'll more than likely portray that to some degree (though some people can mask their personalities better than others). That's who you are, and there's not much you can do about it. Be as excited as you can about the school, vary your intonation when you're talking, be enthusiastic (but not overly so) when you speak, and be genuine. You're going to get a few curveballs, so be ready.
So true. I was given this advice over and over before interviewing, but I didn't really take it to heart until my third. They all went so much better after that. Also, try not to be over-excited about the school. Its easy to see whats genuine and what isn't.
Accepted, Waitlisted, Rejected
I have very minimal experience with being on a waitlist because I chose not to play the waitlist game, but I have been following the threads I was waitlisted at to see what people are doing and how things are going. At the Ivies, it seems like spamming the admissions office with letters of intent, updates, etc. is the best way to go. This strategy was also confirmed by my pre-health advisor; his explanation was that they want to offer as few acceptances as possible, so they will accept people that appear to be the most interested first. I don't possibly understand how people can send in 3-4 update letters with meaningful updates over the course of a cycle, but they do, and it seems those are the people who get in. So if you're waitlisted at one of these schools, get your pen and paper (or computer) ready and start drafting those letters. It's a game, and if you want to win you have to play it – hard.
Unfortunately (maybe fortunately), I have had a ton of experience with the waitlist game. While I can't speak to the advice about the Ivies, I'd say that you should ask at your interviews what the school accepts in terms of update/intent letters from waitlisters. Be upfront about it. I've had some schools tell me that they will accept only one letter during a certain time period. Others say just to update them whenever you have something new. Find out so that you're not bothering anyone with too many letters. I would also try and find out who the "key players" are at each school you're waitlisted at. These are the people that, come waitlist time, make the hard decisions. You want to be on their good side, and for them to know your name. During your interview find out who they are, and you can usually do it simply by asking WHO you should contact with future updates.
One thing I would add is to make your update letters count. These are essentially your "fourth-daries." After your primary, secondaries, and interviews, these letters are your next best bet at being accepted. Make sure your letter is well written, revised, and polished. I wouldn't go longer than 1-2 pages to make sure they read the entire thing.
I'm not going to comment on the rest as, ultimately I'm not at that point yet. Thanks again for the very informative post, Nick.