I've heard it go the other way as well... met a resident at OHSU who was initially rejected, but since it was her top choice, she politely emailed them and re-emphasized her interest. She told them that she would appreciate any consideration if a interview spot opened up later on (which it did, due to other applicants cancelling). She ended up matching there, after being initially rejected.
Obviously not the norm, but definitely something to consider.
In my opinion, if you've already been rejected, what do you have to lose by contacting the program??