1. Check with your attending. Two reasons: 1) he has the best answer due to experience 2) make sure he's not pissed because he thinks "this guy isn't scrubbing for a little cut on his finger? wtf..." Surgeons can be very weird sometimes
2. My institution has an inflexible policy saying that "no med student scrub in on HIV, HCV positive patients", because we are not covered by the insurance. Check with your school for this.
3. Much more likely than not, you should be fine. The skin is epithelized after 24 hours and is impermeable to most pathogens, not to mention that you have 2 layers of latex gloves on top of that.