The Future of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Neurology

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Undes1

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Hi Everyone,

Not in medicine, but my spouse is an M2 and is very interested neurology. We are both fascinated by the Mechanical Thrombectomy to remove clots during Stroke. She's been reading more and more research on the procedure and its effectiveness. My question is in regards to its proliferation in stroke clinics?

Do you all see the use of MT expanding as a method to treat Larger clots? if so, do you see the procedure ever being expanded as a necessary skill for Stroke Neurologists?

I understand that the procedure is most commonly done by Neurosurgeons and IR types. I guess I'm just curious if you could see it becoming more routine/mainstream for Stroke Fellowship trained Neurologists to do the procedure in the next 5-10 years? Or if you see IR and Neurosurgery keeping those procedures for themselves.

Thanks!

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It will 100,000% remain the purview of neurosurgery and IR.

As for "clot size" it currently works for the large intracranial vessels (MCA/ACA, basilar) with some smaller M3 branches depending on operator skill and NIHSS score but this is more variable. PCAs are generally not attempted due to deficits being relatively mild and the vessel being small caliber.

If you mean carotid thrombus then there's some people who will re-open acutely occluded carotids but the evidence on this isn't 100% set. You can do an emergent CEA if you have a non-occlusive floating thrombus in the carotid though.

Bottom line though is this procedure will most certainly remain in procedural fields. Some neurologists do train to do them but the fellowships are long, finding a job not always straightforward (You can't do regular IR procedures or other surgeries as an IR/surgery trained person would) and it tends to take over your life/practice as you become part of the call pool. You won't be rounding in the hospital handling a regular service to then be called to do a thrombectomy and go back to rounding for example.
 
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It will 100,000% remain the purview of neurosurgery and IR.

As for "clot size" it currently works for the large intracranial vessels (MCA/ACA, basilar) with some smaller M3 branches depending on operator skill and NIHSS score but this is more variable. PCAs are generally not attempted due to deficits being relatively mild and the vessel being small caliber.

If you mean carotid thrombus then there's some people who will re-open acutely occluded carotids but the evidence on this isn't 100% set. You can do an emergent CEA if you have a non-occlusive floating thrombus in the carotid though.

Bottom line though is this procedure will most certainly remain in procedural fields. Some neurologists do train to do them but the fellowships are long, finding a job not always straightforward (You can't do regular IR procedures or other surgeries as an IR/surgery trained person would) and it tends to take over your life/practice as you become part of the call pool. You won't be rounding in the hospital handling a regular service to then be called to do a thrombectomy and go back to rounding for example.
100,000% the purview of NSGY and IR is a little strong given that there are already quite a few neurology-trained NIR people out there, and more than a few fellowship positions that go to neurologists each year. Yes, those are the more competitive pathways to get in, but it's not locked in. It's also not clear to me that there are enough NSGY or IR people that want to do NIR to fill rising demand in this field - for NSGY, it's an extra call burden in a specialty that already has a heavy one that would be far less profitable than just doing spine like everyone else, while for IR, it's a massive hit to their QOL for a procedure set that doesn't really improve their billing.
 
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Okay then. 10,000%.

Point is, when you do IR you essentially become a proceduralist rather than a stroke neurologist in the typical sense of the word. Like you said, these fellowships are mostly for folks in procedural fields. It is possible to get in as a neurologist but it's a longer/more competitive road. If what you want to do is Neuro IR go through IR or radiology to do it; it's the simpler choice.

As for QoL and demand; you're right but it doesn't matter if you're IR trained, NSGY trained, or Neuro trained, you're going to take a huge hit to your QoL regardless. This may be my personal opinion but we're already quite high in the burnout charts, I'm not sure adding IR call would improve that.
 
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As for QoL and demand; you're right but it doesn't matter if you're IR trained, NSGY trained, or Neuro trained, you're going to take a huge hit to your QoL regardless. This may be my personal opinion but we're already quite high in the burnout charts, I'm not sure adding IR call would improve that.

The appeal for neurologists is that it's a road into acute care and being a proceduralist with all the good and bad that entails. For some, that's worth the hit to QOL (not me). But for those other specialities, they're already neck deep in being a proceduralist, why take that QOL hit unless you have a weird fascination with cerebral angiography?
 
True. I just don't know how common it'll be or that there will be many of us wanting to do it especially since at the end your "job" is so different.

Most of us did not go into neuro for our love of procedures barring the folks that to Neuro ICU (granted for me it's an N of 1 but he more tolerates procedures than enjoy them).
 
Agree with the above. Overwhelming majority are interested in neurology for the exam, intellectual approach, interesting diseases and future treatments....and not to poke needles in groins.
 
Thanks everyone for your replies. It seems like it's a pretty significant transition to the "procedural" side of Neurology.
 
Not saying they don't exist somewhere but I've never met a neurologist who did procedures like that.

The residency training just doesn't cultivate that skill set.
 
100,000% the purview of NSGY and IR is a little strong given that there are already quite a few neurology-trained NIR people out there, and more than a few fellowship positions that go to neurologists each year. Yes, those are the more competitive pathways to get in, but it's not locked in. It's also not clear to me that there are enough NSGY or IR people that want to do NIR to fill rising demand in this field - for NSGY, it's an extra call burden in a specialty that already has a heavy one that would be far less profitable than just doing spine like everyone else, while for IR, it's a massive hit to their QOL for a procedure set that doesn't really improve their billing.

Yes I don't agree with IR and NSGY owning it. Radiology has little interest overall, and are probably even less common than neurologists doing these procedures nowadays. It doesn't make them more money, and has hellish call. It is interesting to the hard core stroke neurologist/neurocritical care to have a top end procedure with top end billing and direct outcomes. Several places to my knowledge are 100% neurology owned WITH a fellowship- SLU, UPMC for example. Others like several places in Florida have multiple neurology trained NIR in the call pool. From what I've seen its a fairly collaborative approach with NSGY, as these neurologists often are under the NSGY dept anyways.

As far as variety- you can do everything in hospital neurology plus acute stroke, then add NCC if you are neurocritical care background +/- EVDs in some cases, then NIR adds diagnostic angios, coiling/flow diverting aneurysms, thrombectomy, and the rare carotid stent. In fact, I've never seen an 'emergent CEA' although I am hardly that experienced but have been involved in several emergent carotid stents. Of course the evidence for these emergent procedures is paper thin, and patients are often quite ill/do horrible with acute on chronic carotid occlusions regardless of what one does or does not do.

I don't think neurology trained NIR is going anywhere. I certainly don't want to be doing it. Awful call, and while you have some great saves there are some occasional really disastrous outcomes too with reperfusion injuries or ruptured arteries.
 
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Several places to my knowledge are 100% neurology owned WITH a fellowship- SLU, UPMC for example. Others like several places in Florida have multiple neurology trained NIR in the call pool. From what I've seen its a fairly collaborative approach with NSGY, as these neurologists often are under the NSGY dept anyways.

Not sure I'd hold up SLU as a model for other programs. I got interested so I went on their website and only 7 out of their 26 residents went to med school in the US. It's similar for fellows as only 1 of 4 went to med school in the US. Is this the blind leading the blind?
 
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Not sure I'd hold up SLU as a model for other programs. I got interested so I went on their website and only 7 out of their 26 residents went to med school in the US. It's similar for fellows as only 1 of 4 went to med school in the US. Is this the blind leading the blind?
That is hardly a fair way to judge a program.
 
Not sure I'd hold up SLU as a model for other programs. I got interested so I went on their website and only 7 out of their 26 residents went to med school in the US. It's similar for fellows as only 1 of 4 went to med school in the US. Is this the blind leading the blind?
I noticed this as well. What's the reasoning here? Are they trying to fill slots when MD/DO grads don't fill, or are Foreign trained Physicians simply more competitive? Or am I misreading it all together...
 
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I noticed this as well. What's the reasoning here? Are they trying to fill slots when MD/DO grads don't fill, or are Foreign trained Physicians simply more competitive? Or am I misreading it all together...
They are an undesirable program. They full with foreign grads bc they can't get US grads.
 
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I think in general there is not much "protectionism" of neuro-IR from the side of NSx/radiology. There is a significant deficit of manpower in terms of handling stroke call due to poor lifestyle.

If a neurologist wants to become trained in neuro-IR I believe there will be a program out there willing provide the training. Even if the training is poor and you come out with mediocre skills, eventually you will have enough practice to be able to do it competently.
 
I think in general there is not much "protectionism" of neuro-IR from the side of NSx/radiology. There is a significant deficit of manpower in terms of handling stroke call due to poor lifestyle.

If a neurologist wants to become trained in neuro-IR I believe there will be a program out there willing provide the training. Even if the training is poor and you come out with mediocre skills, eventually you will have enough practice to be able to do it competently.
Well, IR did try to protect it at one point from neurologists. Lots of hand-wringing about how they lost PCI to the cardiologists, etc. Then the takeover mostly occured from neurosurgeons, the radiologists waved a white flag so quickly they may as well have been smoking a cigarette while holding a baguette, so that ship has sailed.
 
Yeah I think the key thing that tipped the scales here is when neurosurgery got involved- one of the few depts at most hospitals that brings in more money than radiology, and of course the ability to fix their own mistakes unlike the radiologists. Sure, SLU probably isn't the greatest program (again, I don't think their match list is a fair way to judge the actual training). However, UPMC is a great program and is 100% neurology. These are just examples that I know of. Most Florida programs for example have at least one neurologist providing intervention- there aren't many fellowships down here though.

The reality is that interventional training is more standardized now (SVIN), and many ESN/NIR fellowships will consider NSGY, rads, or neuro applicants. Key is to do stroke/NCC fellowship at a place with an ESN/NIR fellowship if that's what you want, and then you'll get a spot internally as all the players involved (be it from rads, NSGY, or neuro) will know you already. Where I did residency we had a neurology and neurosurgery interventionalist, and the neurosurgeon was actually nicer and more approachable for neurology residents than the neurologist. The majority of the existent fellowships specifically list they take neurologists. If you want it and you are a half decent resident planning ahead at most programs, you'll get it

Again this is a very niche field with a terrible call schedule, very high liability, and big swings from huge saves to total losses. The job market is small and very vulnerable to big swings either way. You can probably make similar cash hustling in a needy suburban market doing general neurology with some procedures, or interventional pain with a nice lifestyle.
 
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Thanks for the input everyone, Very enlightening discussion for me and my wife!
 
Thanks for the input everyone, Very enlightening discussion for me and my wife!
Just adding to what has been said before. I personally know several Neurology trained Interventionalists, including few IMGs in top programs. It is probably not as hard as getting into NES or Rads for residency, esp for a USMD.
Although the lifestyle is very demanding!
 
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Hi Everyone,

Not in medicine, but my spouse is an M2 and is very interested neurology. We are both fascinated by the Mechanical Thrombectomy to remove clots during Stroke. She's been reading more and more research on the procedure and its effectiveness. My question is in regards to its proliferation in stroke clinics?

Do you all see the use of MT expanding as a method to treat Larger clots? if so, do you see the procedure ever being expanded as a necessary skill for Stroke Neurologists?

I understand that the procedure is most commonly done by Neurosurgeons and IR types. I guess I'm just curious if you could see it becoming more routine/mainstream for Stroke Fellowship trained Neurologists to do the procedure in the next 5-10 years? Or if you see IR and Neurosurgery keeping those procedures for themselves.

Thanks!

Thrombectomy will probably continue to grow as interventionalists proliferate, but the major metro areas are pretty saturated already. One of the challenges is that while there are potentially a fair number of LVOs not being treated, the number of AVMs and aneurysms is not changing a whole lot, and so a de facto class system may develop in which someone is covering stroke call in a small hospital without neurosurgery/neuro ICU support and does not do any of the other types of cases.

I doubt that intervention will become part of stroke neurology; more likely, the body IR or interventional cardiologists will be involved in thrombectomy. The number of vascular neurology fellows interested in performing intervention is small.

Neurologists have a foot in the door, although getting trained favors those who get involved early and are highly motivated. Training and practice are also harder than most neurology subspecialties. I think one of the biggest challenges facing all trainees is finding a good job afterwards, as the number of places where you will be exposed to the full range of practice are limited, and not all jobs are open to all fellows (practices may prefer a neurosurgeon, radiologist, or neurologist that can do base specialty coverage).
 
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For the original poster, I think it's important to remember that most interventionalists are not doing stroke thrombectomy cases all day. A busy center may average just 2-5 cases a week. The rest of their time is typically spent on elective procedures like coiling aneurysms or embolizing AVMs. I am all for more neurologists being trained as interventionalists and I think the proportion is growing, but this market is already becoming saturated in the major cities. I would be surprised if we start routinely doing thrombectomies for M3 occlusions, so I don't see the volume of cases going up that much.

On the other hand, we have a huge shortage of stroke neurologists. Consider that there are almost as many strokes as MIs each year and we have a whole specialty to deal with MIs, but stroke is just a subspecialty within Neurology.
 
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Thrombectomy will probably continue to grow as interventionalists proliferate, but the major metro areas are pretty saturated already. One of the challenges is that while there are potentially a fair number of LVOs not being treated, the number of AVMs and aneurysms is not changing a whole lot, and so a de facto class system may develop in which someone is covering stroke call in a small hospital without neurosurgery/neuro ICU support and does not do any of the other types of cases.

I doubt that intervention will become part of stroke neurology; more likely, the body IR or interventional cardiologists will be involved in thrombectomy. The number of vascular neurology fellows interested in performing intervention is small.

Neurologists have a foot in the door, although getting trained favors those who get involved early and are highly motivated. Training and practice are also harder than most neurology subspecialties. I think one of the biggest challenges facing all trainees is finding a good job afterwards, as the number of places where you will be exposed to the full range of practice are limited, and not all jobs are open to all fellows (practices may prefer a neurosurgeon, radiologist, or neurologist that can do base specialty coverage).

I doubt interventional cardiologists will get involved. No neuroimaging training whatsoever- they won't be able to properly select (or decline) candidates. Add to that the significant risks- we all know reperfusion injuries/ruptures aren't that rare and are almost always horrific. Plus JACHO and AHA/ASA comprehensive stroke center certification requirements and the hospital credentialing process will keep them out unless they have data and training to show they won't kill patients, and who would provide this training? Minimum it would take to convince regulators to let them in would be an extra year of fellowship on top of already long cards. Any cowboys are going to get crushed by the hospitals, JCAHO, or malpractice attorneys. Also- who in their right mind would send a cardiologist with little experience these patients? I would be worried about my own malpractice exposure for the referral assuming I had knowledge of their lack of expertise.

The only exception would be a remote area that had a cath lab with an IC, and the inability to transport a patient due to massive distance or bad weather. Then you could justify it potentially- but its unlikely such a place would have the right biplane or devices to complete the thrombectomy anyways.
 
Neurologist will continue to break ground in this field that has been dominated by radiology and neurosurgery. I think it’s a good thing. I feel that all three specialists add value. To the original poster when it comes to thrombectomy in larger vessels, the data behind stroke thrombectomy is based on ICA and MCA vessels (Mr Clean, Dawn, Diffuse 3), not ACA’s, not posterior circulation. Not saying it should not be used in those vessels but the data behind thrombectomy is not based on those location. So what I’m trying to say is that data actually is strongest in larger vessels. As far as Acute common carotid occlusions, it would depend on time of onset, clinical severity (stroke scale) and the results of diffusion weighted imaging with most importance placed on the last two. If someone has 250 ml of penumbra and no core with a high stroke scale compared to baseline it would be malpractice not to reprofuse that patient. Vascular surgery almost never does an emergent endarterectomy, they call neurointerventional and ask them to stent it. Vascular surgery can’t go after anything distal that showers where a neurointerventionist can. Not to mention it’s slower. As far as comments that neurosurgery manages there own complication. No one and I mean no one manages all there own complications. When the neurosurgeon does thrombectomy and his Angioseal fails at the groin arteriotomy and thrombosis the leg off do you think he cuts down himself and fixes it? No, he calls vascular and one hand washes the other. IR places drains in the post-op open AAA abcess, and the cycle continues everyone helps everyone. As far as body IR and Cards doing thrombectomy. Body IR already does this in large numbers. The first trial to validate stroke thrombectomy was mostly performed by body IR‘s (Mr Clean) Where I train they share the call pool with Neuro IR for strokes. Cards doing it is more rare but not unheard of and certainly not that far a stretch for them. Selection for candidates for these procedures is mainly based off the Dawn and Diffuse 3 trials as a guide. You know those trials and you would have a strong understanding on who goes for thrombectomy, finding a fellowship would be difficult for cards as it is so rare. And then maybe ask yourself how much sleep you really don’t need as a heart attack or stroke happens almost every night in a big hospital. If you only desire is to do neuro interventions go into neurosurgery. If you don’t like surgery but like procedures and don’t like as much clinical medicine as much as a neurologist go into body IR and find your way into neuro IR. If you like clinical medicine, don’t like surgery but want to do high end procedures go into interventional neurology. Good luck!
 
Neurologist will continue to break ground in this field that has been dominated by radiology and neurosurgery. I think it’s a good thing. I feel that all three specialists add value. To the original poster when it comes to thrombectomy in larger vessels, the data behind stroke thrombectomy is based on ICA and MCA vessels (Mr Clean, Dawn, Diffuse 3), not ACA’s, not posterior circulation. Not saying it should not be used in those vessels but the data behind thrombectomy is not based on those location. So what I’m trying to say is that data actually is strongest in larger vessels. As far as Acute common carotid occlusions, it would depend on time of onset, clinical severity (stroke scale) and the results of diffusion weighted imaging with most importance placed on the last two. If someone has 250 ml of penumbra and no core with a high stroke scale compared to baseline it would be malpractice not to reprofuse that patient. Vascular surgery almost never does an emergent endarterectomy, they call neurointerventional and ask them to stent it. Vascular surgery can’t go after anything distal that showers where a neurointerventionist can. Not to mention it’s slower. As far as comments that neurosurgery manages there own complication. No one and I mean no one manages all there own complications. When the neurosurgeon does thrombectomy and his Angioseal fails at the groin arteriotomy and thrombosis the leg off do you think he cuts down himself and fixes it? No, he calls vascular and one hand washes the other. IR places drains in the post-op open AAA abcess, and the cycle continues everyone helps everyone. As far as body IR and Cards doing thrombectomy. Body IR already does this in large numbers. The first trial to validate stroke thrombectomy was mostly performed by body IR‘s (Mr Clean) Where I train they share the call pool with Neuro IR for strokes. Cards doing it is more rare but not unheard of and certainly not that far a stretch for them. Selection for candidates for these procedures is mainly based off the Dawn and Diffuse 3 trials as a guide. You know those trials and you would have a strong understanding on who goes for thrombectomy, finding a fellowship would be difficult for cards as it is so rare. And then maybe ask yourself how much sleep you really don’t need as a heart attack or stroke happens almost every night in a big hospital. If you only desire is to do neuro interventions go into neurosurgery. If you don’t like surgery but like procedures and don’t like as much clinical medicine as much as a neurologist go into body IR and find your way into neuro IR. If you like clinical medicine, don’t like surgery but want to do high end procedures go into interventional neurology. Good luck!


"Neurologist will continue to break ground in this field that has been dominated by radiology and neurosurgery. I think it’s a good thing. "

Is there any data to show that ground is being broken? I've been watching this field for better part of a decade and I am not sure there is a higher proportion of neurologists doing neuro-intervention now than say in 2010.
 
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"Neurologist will continue to break ground in this field that has been dominated by radiology and neurosurgery. I think it’s a good thing. "

Is there any data to show that ground is being broken? I've been watching this field for better part of a decade and I am not sure there is a higher proportion of neurologists doing neuro-intervention now than say in 2010.
Is Canada there are still not many, but certainly more than, say, 5 years prior. At the very least, at two of the centres here currently have NIR fellows from neurology backgrounds. There are probably more, but I haven't looked into it.

I don't know if the hard data you are looking for exists.
 
"Neurologist will continue to break ground in this field that has been dominated by radiology and neurosurgery. I think it’s a good thing. "

Is there any data to show that ground is being broken? I've been watching this field for better part of a decade and I am not sure there is a higher proportion of neurologists doing neuro-intervention now than say in 2010.

I am in touch with many friends in neurology that are in different stages of their career. There is no doubt that more and more neurologists are going into NIR every year. I'll try to see if there is any data that i can find.
 
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the way CAST is setup it’s infact a bit exclusionary for IRs. The training requirement for radiology trainee is often 1 year internship, 4 year residency, 1-2 years of diagnostic neuroimaging fellowship, and then 2 years of neuro IR. If one did body IR then add 2 years of body IR on and make it 11 years of post grad training.

personally I find the requirement for diagnostic neuro fellowship a bit ridiculous as many if not most radiologists have good exposure to stroke imaging from residency.
 
the way CAST is setup it’s infact a bit exclusionary for IRs. The training requirement for radiology trainee is often 1 year internship, 4 year residency, 1-2 years of diagnostic neuroimaging fellowship, and then 2 years of neuro IR. If one did body IR then add 2 years of body IR on and make it 11 years of post grad training.

personally I find the requirement for diagnostic neuro fellowship a bit ridiculous as many if not most radiologists have good exposure to stroke imaging from residency.
Every neurologist receives substantial stroke exposure in residency, yet the requirement for stroke fellowship or NCC is there prior to NIR fellowship as well. Every stroke neurologist and cranial neurosurgeon at a big center has experience with non-neuroradiologists substantially misinterpretting head CTs resulting in urgent transfers or requests for transfers. The fellowship obviously isn't useless, or these requests wouldn't happen if every radiologist already knew what they were doing with stroke imaging. The main challenge with NIR is picking the right intervention candidates so you don't end up with disaster reperfusion injuries afterwards that turn into lawsuits for everyone, or waiting on a case that needed intervention sooner and crashes in the middle of the night with an NIH>20, also turning into a lawsuit for everyone. When it goes bad, it goes spectacularly bad. Asking for a little familiarity with cerebrovascular disease beyond the average chap is hardly a big requirement given there isn't exactly a huge shortage of NIR out there in most regions.
 
Every neurologist receives substantial stroke exposure in residency, yet the requirement for stroke fellowship or NCC is there prior to NIR fellowship as well. Every stroke neurologist and cranial neurosurgeon at a big center has experience with non-neuroradiologists substantially misinterpretting head CTs resulting in urgent transfers or requests for transfers. The fellowship obviously isn't useless, or these requests wouldn't happen if every radiologist already knew what they were doing with stroke imaging. The main challenge with NIR is picking the right intervention candidates so you don't end up with disaster reperfusion injuries afterwards that turn into lawsuits for everyone, or waiting on a case that needed intervention sooner and crashes in the middle of the night with an NIH>20, also turning into a lawsuit for everyone. When it goes bad, it goes spectacularly bad. Asking for a little familiarity with cerebrovascular disease beyond the average chap is hardly a big requirement given there isn't exactly a huge shortage of NIR out there in most regions.

except a diagnostic neuroimaging fellowship teaches....diagnostic neuroimaging. It’s not a stroke fellowship. You are not expected to round on patients, and most diagnostic neuro radiology fellowship teaches zero angiography skills.

I personally fail to see how doing another 1-2 years of DIAGNOSTIC neuroimaging fellowship adds to a NIR’s training. The requirement should have been body IR fellowship.

Hate to burst your bubble, but stroke imaging is the bread and butter of a diagnostic radiologist. It’s like having a pathway to train radiologists to do general surgery, but instead of asking for a year of surgical prelim before where one may gain clinical and operative skills, the rad is asked to do another year of fellowship on ED CT abdomen and pelvis...

You did hit the nail on the head. There isn’t a significant shortage and CAST may be unintentionally or intentionally designed in a way to keep body IR, arguablly the specialist most skilled in microcatheter work besides NIR, out of neuro intervention.
 
except a diagnostic neuroimaging fellowship teaches....diagnostic neuroimaging. It’s not a stroke fellowship. You are not expected to round on patients, and most diagnostic neuro radiology fellowship teaches zero angiography skills.

I personally fail to see how doing another 1-2 years of DIAGNOSTIC neuroimaging fellowship adds to a NIR’s training. The requirement should have been body IR fellowship.

Hate to burst your bubble, but stroke imaging is the bread and butter of a diagnostic radiologist. It’s like having a pathway to train radiologists to do general surgery, but instead of asking for a year of surgical prelim before where one may gain clinical and operative skills, the rad is asked to do another year of fellowship on ED CT abdomen and pelvis...

You did hit the nail on the head. There isn’t a significant shortage and CAST may be unintentionally or intentionally designed in a way to keep body IR, arguablly the specialist most skilled in microcatheter work besides NIR, out of neuro intervention.
You haven't made any real response to my argument, and I don't think this convinces anyone that body IR is qualified to select acute stroke patients for intervention. It is common experience in neurology that non-neuroradiologists make more errors in diagnostic interpretation which is a significant part of patient selection for stroke intervention. Body IR has even less DR exposure than DR residents. You haven't provided any evidence to support your point, and it is a moot point anyways since body IR has zero ownership in an already crowded turf.
 
You haven't made any real response to my argument, and I don't think this convinces anyone that body IR is qualified to select acute stroke patients for intervention. It is common experience in neurology that non-neuroradiologists make more errors in diagnostic interpretation which is a significant part of patient selection for stroke intervention. Body IR has even less DR exposure than DR residents. You haven't provided any evidence to support your point, and it is a moot point anyways since body IR has zero ownership in an already crowded turf.

what’s your background? I am not convinced you are familiar with radiology training. And I think we are talking past each other, so let me address your points one by one.

1. Zero ownership in turf: many seminal studies where safety and efficacy of stroke thrombectomy are demonstrated have large amount of those procedures performed by IR, see MRCLEAN. A large amount of stroke interventions are performed by “body IR” which is a misnomer because we are trained to work with the whole body, including the brain. Yes, I do cerebral angiographic work.


2. training required in stroke management: agree that clinical training is required, hence fellowship training should be required, either as a part of the NIR fellowship, or a separate stroke neurology fellowship. I am perfectly fine if radiology trainees are required to do stroke neurology fellowship. You don’t seem to understand that a diagnostic neuro fellowship add very little to the stroke knowledge of a radiologist. It’s like asking a general surgeon to do a cholecystostomy fellowship. At least make our trainees learn something actually useful like clinical mgmt.

3. body IR has less DR exposure: cite sources please? The integrated IR/DR pathway have one less year of elective but those people are still in training. The current frame work is based on the training regiment where Ir and dr have the same amount of diagnostic exposure.

4. error in diagnostic interpretation between neuro vs non-neurotrained radiologists: neuro trained rads have an edge in interpretation of complex MRI, head and neck, and post op/brain tumor imaging, but stroke imaging is literally the bread and butter of radiology. You need to do that to cover the ED. I hate to say it, but if many stroke neurologist deemed themselves savvy enough for patient selection when it comes to stroke imaging, you can’t seriously think that those people have more imaging training than diagnostic radiologists? That’s actually one of the challenge DR face, as many non-radiologists think they can interpret imaging as well as board certified DR, except they can’t.

lastly, I hate to point this out in a forum that isn’t my specialty, but unfortunately there is an overall lack of angiographic proficiency of non-interventional radiologists when it comes to cerebral work. The amount of complications that I’ve heard of or my friends have to fix, and yes, some are from neurologists, are astounding. it’s actually laughable how people who are most proficient by training are relatively excluded from doing what they are trained to do and it’s absolutely a political thing.

Patient selection is the most important thing in stroke thrombectomy, but in my opinion, it’s not the most difficult. The most difficult thing would be to quickly cath that type 3 arch or how to bail yourself out when endovascular complication arises, the actual endovascular neurosurgery part is the most difficult.
 
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I'll respond one by one.

1. JCAHO has volume requirements for thrombectomies, and low volumes will significantly increase risks of complications. How often do you do angiograms? Is body IR training sufficient to get credentialed to do stroke thrombectomies? Should it be if this is a low volume portion of your practice? I would be uncomfortable referring patients to someone who was not fellowship trained and has a very low volume for stroke interventions unless there were literally no other options.

2. Again the idea is that you already have stroke expertise before starting NIR fellowship, especially if only doing 1 year of it. Obviously radiologists will be very limited in examination skills- an argument against radiologists doing stroke intervention to begin with as the exam is the hingepoint on whether patients should be taken for intervention or not as they have no clinical experience in this compared to neurologists or neurosurgeons.

3. I suppose the one year of electives in DR is completely clinically worthless then if it is easily replaceable in IR/DR without any significant cost to skills. I am not a radiologist, I am just questioning why body IR should automatically be doing stroke interventions with minimal background and low volume in stroke. You came to our specialty forum.

4. Again, non-neuroradiologists make mistakes in neuroimaging interpretation at higher rates in our direct experience. As for angiogram skills, a significant portion of the complications that occur in stroke intervention specifically are related to patient selection, not just techniques. Large reperfusion hemorrhages have little to do with catheter skills and are the biggest risk. That isn't to say catheter skills are not important. The volume of thrombectomies is key overall, and low volumes in body IR 'moonlighting' for thrombectomies is unacceptable in my opinion (as it would be for cardiologists doing it). I'm sure it happens commonly and there are plenty of hospitals with questionable comprehensive stroke center certification especially in certain states that allowed separate accreditation pathways.
 
I'll respond one by one.

1. JCAHO has volume requirements for thrombectomies, and low volumes will significantly increase risks of complications. How often do you do angiograms? Is body IR training sufficient to get credentialed to do stroke thrombectomies? Should it be if this is a low volume portion of your practice? I would be uncomfortable referring patients to someone who was not fellowship trained and has a very low volume for stroke interventions unless there were literally no other options.

2. Again the idea is that you already have stroke expertise before starting NIR fellowship, especially if only doing 1 year of it. Obviously radiologists will be very limited in examination skills- an argument against radiologists doing stroke intervention to begin with as the exam is the hingepoint on whether patients should be taken for intervention or not as they have no clinical experience in this compared to neurologists or neurosurgeons.

3. I suppose the one year of electives in DR is completely clinically worthless then if it is easily replaceable in IR/DR without any significant cost to skills. I am not a radiologist, I am just questioning why body IR should automatically be doing stroke interventions with minimal background and low volume in stroke. You came to our specialty forum.

4. Again, non-neuroradiologists make mistakes in neuroimaging interpretation at higher rates in our direct experience. As for angiogram skills, a significant portion of the complications that occur in stroke intervention specifically are related to patient selection, not just techniques. Large reperfusion hemorrhages have little to do with catheter skills and are the biggest risk. That isn't to say catheter skills are not important. The volume of thrombectomies is key overall, and low volumes in body IR 'moonlighting' for thrombectomies is unacceptable in my opinion (as it would be for cardiologists doing it). I'm sure it happens commonly and there are plenty of hospitals with questionable comprehensive stroke center certification especially in certain states that allowed separate accreditation pathways.

Again we are talking past each other.

The core issue is why is another year or two of DIAGNOSTIC neuroradiology fellowship needed for radiologists to do NIR, a fellowship where they would have zero clinical training in stroke management, mostly zero angiogram volume, and mostly zero specific stroke related imaging training. I completely support an additional year in actually relevant training, like stroke neurology for the DR grad.

Again, I am still unclear what your background is, but let’s say you are a neurologist. Do you think you need a fellowship to diagnose migraine? I don’t mean treatment, I mean the diagnosis.

Ok, now what if people with migraine have a white square highlighting whether they have migraine or not? Or a computer that spits off volume at risk like Rapid.ai?

How would you feel if society insist on one or two years of psychiatry training for neurologists before allowing neurologist to diagnose migraine or stroke? Because this is about as how relevant additional neuro imaging training to diagnosis of stroke.

What is “neuroimaging interpretation”? I wouldn’t feel comfortable interpreting a post op brain MR, but even our first day resident have been taught to call out bleed and LVO. There is literally an app for it.

And lastly, keep telling yourself that complications have little to do with catheter skills. I do angiogram of some sort almost everyday, multiple times a day. Distal wire dissections/trauma is absolutely a cause of reperfusion hemorrhage. I heard neurologists who have to spend hours to get above the arch and hey, can’t fault them because they hardly ever do it, and let’s be real here, procedural autonomy is poor in many fellowship so the first time they try to use the devices for real is when they are out in practice. I am sure if the neurologists dissected enough vessel along the way, their technique will get to par.

Again, bring in the data. It’s obvious from large trials that IRs can and have been safely and competently treating the intracranial circulation. It’s pretty obvious, even from your post (hesitant to refer etc) that this is a very political thing.

Hmm, it would very interesting to look into the thrombectomy outcomes of newly trained stroke neurologists vs. IR. Might be a fascinating publication.
 
Again, bring in the data. It’s obvious from large trials that IRs can and have been safely and competently treating the intracranial circulation. It’s pretty obvious, even from your post (hesitant to refer etc) that this is a very political thing.

Hmm, it would very interesting to look into the thrombectomy outcomes of newly trained stroke neurologists vs. IR. Might be a fascinating publication.
Sure, I'd love to see the data on body IR outcomes for stroke thrombectomy. And not someone originally body IR trained who now does neuroIR for the past 10 years as the majority of their practice at a high volume center.

I don't have an axe to grind here as I am not an interventionalist nor plan to be. I do worry about complications especially in patients I've been involved in. If you can prove it is all catheter technique and there is zero difference between body IR work and high volume cerebral work from a neurosurgeon or neurologist, then you'll change my opinion. I'm sure you believe you can do PCI just as well as the cardiologists too and evaluate STEMI and NSTEMI candidates for appropriate intervention.
 
Sure, I'd love to see the data on body IR outcomes for stroke thrombectomy. And not someone originally body IR trained who now does neuroIR for the past 10 years as the majority of their practice at a high volume center.

I don't have an axe to grind here as I am not an interventionalist nor plan to be. I do worry about complications especially in patients I've been involved in. If you can prove it is all catheter technique and there is zero difference between body IR work and high volume cerebral work from a neurosurgeon or neurologist, then you'll change my opinion. I'm sure you believe you can do PCI just as well as the cardiologists too and evaluate STEMI and NSTEMI candidates for appropriate intervention.

the difference between PCI and stroke intervention is that I am not experienced in evaluation of NSTEMI vs STEMI, though you seem to unable to comprehend stroke imaging is bread and butter of general radiology and median arterial intervention with microcatheter work is the bread and butter of VIR.

Just remember, those IR in MRCLEAN are pretty new to stroke thrombectomy themselves and the data prove their value.
 
So I will try to be a voice of reason here. Not all body IR graduates are qualified to perform stroke intervention. The Society of Interventional Radiology has listed minimum numbers they feel need to be met to do strokes I am listing some of them below.
Technical performance: 200 selective vascular catheterizations (including 50 cervicocerebral angiograms, 100 superselective [third-order or higher branch] microcatheter angiograms, 10 procedures involving head and neck vascular beds, 10 carotid bifurcation revascularization procedures, and 30 cerebrovascular thrombectomy procedures

You should always question an be concerned for patient safety when referring your patients to another provider for a procedure (speaking to the neurologist). Asking questions like for example how many carotid stents have you done would not be out of line in my opinion.

Body IR has already proven many times over they can do stroke thrombectomies safe and affective (Notice I did not say every body IR). MR Clean trial was almost all body IR And they have been involved in every major trial for thrombectomy.

Diagnosis of LVO stroke is really easy and the perfusion is a print out with the answers (core, penumbra etc). Who qualifies for thrombectomie is 90% knowing Dawn and Diffuse 3 trials and useing them as a blueprint. The interventionist rarely actually come in and evaluate the patient, he/she is at home and the ER doc or in house neurologist calls them and gives them the scoop and the Patient clinical info, stroke scale, imaging finding determine who gets a thrombectomy.

The catheter skills required should not be undersold. I have seen experienced neurointerventionalist fail at getting up a type three bovine arch and have to direct stick the carotid. In neuro there is no room for error, 1 bubble injected could be catastrophic. Mistakes in technical skills are simply not forgiven as they are in other places. Body IR uses many of the same tools all over the body so the tools are very familiar to them it’s a gentler transition.

There are NIR from neurology, neurosurgery, and radiologist that have proved they can do these procedures safely and effective.
 
So I will try to be a voice of reason here. Not all body IR graduates are qualified to perform stroke intervention. The Society of Interventional Radiology has listed minimum numbers they feel need to be met to do strokes I am listing some of them below.
Technical performance: 200 selective vascular catheterizations (including 50 cervicocerebral angiograms, 100 superselective [third-order or higher branch] microcatheter angiograms, 10 procedures involving head and neck vascular beds, 10 carotid bifurcation revascularization procedures, and 30 cerebrovascular thrombectomy procedures

You should always question an be concerned for patient safety when referring your patients to another provider for a procedure (speaking to the neurologist). Asking questions like for example how many carotid stents have you done would not be out of line in my opinion.

Body IR has already proven many times over they can do stroke thrombectomies safe and affective (Notice I did not say every body IR). MR Clean trial was almost all body IR And they have been involved in every major trial for thrombectomy.

Diagnosis of LVO stroke is really easy and the perfusion is a print out with the answers (core, penumbra etc). Who qualifies for thrombectomie is 90% knowing Dawn and Diffuse 3 trials and useing them as a blueprint. The interventionist rarely actually come in and evaluate the patient, he/she is at home and the ER doc or in house neurologist calls them and gives them the scoop and the Patient clinical info, stroke scale, imaging finding determine who gets a thrombectomy.

The catheter skills required should not be undersold. I have seen experienced neurointerventionalist fail at getting up a type three bovine arch and have to direct stick the carotid. In neuro there is no room for error, 1 bubble injected could be catastrophic. Mistakes in technical skills are simply not forgiven as they are in other places. Body IR uses many of the same tools all over the body so the tools are very familiar to them it’s a gentler transition.

There are NIR from neurology, neurosurgery, and radiologist that have proved they can do these procedures safely and effective.
JCAHO does not accept body IR training in the US by itself for competence at thrombectomies for primary interventionalists. There is debate about the lesser TSC criteria with much looser standards. I agree that body IR with the majority of their ongoing practice in neurointervention can be great at NIR. JCAHO also requires a minimum of 15 thrombectomies per interventionalist per year to maintain CSC accreditation. These seem like reasonable requirements, and my concern would be body IR attempting thrombectomies when they have a very low volume in the procedure and little if any formal training. Clearly I am not the only one with these concerns given the official requirements. 30 years ago this same exact debate was had regarding PCI between IR and cards.
 
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JCAHO does not accept body IR training in the US by itself for competence at thrombectomies for primary interventionalists. There is debate about the lesser TSC criteria with much looser standards. I agree that body IR with the majority of their ongoing practice in neurointervention can be great at NIR. JCAHO also requires a minimum of 15 thrombectomies per interventionalist per year to maintain CSC accreditation. These seem like reasonable requirements, and my concern would be body IR attempting thrombectomies when they have a very low volume in the procedure and little if any formal training. Clearly I am not the only one with these concerns given the official requirements. 30 years ago this same exact debate was had regarding PCI between IR and cards.

i do not have concern with those criteria.

my concern lies with the requirement of neuroradiology fellowship prior to NIR fellowship for rads. It makes zero sense. A stroke neurology fellowship would make so much more sense
 
i do not have concern with those criteria.

my concern lies with the requirement of neuroradiology fellowship prior to NIR fellowship for rads. It makes zero sense. A stroke neurology fellowship would make so much more sense
I see your original point regarding CAST. It does make more sense for body IR to be able to directly go into NIR fellowships. Stroke neurology fellowship wouldn't work for radiologists- you are already expected to be able to handle general neurology in the ER by yourself, and many places also expect you to already be able to make tPA treatment decisions independently.
 
I have worked closely with multiple neuroIR guys trained through both neuro and rad tracks. Based on my limited experience and sample size, I see radiology track neuroIRs tend to perform little better with little less complications. But this would be highly dependent on individual skills. I have not personally seen any neurosurg doing thrombectomy. As my neurosurg friend would say, why would they waste time and sleep over not so well paid procedure when they have spine, aneurysm clips and other much better paid and less acute stuff to do?

One reality I see is that there does not seem to be enough thrombectomy to go around to justify average $450k salary for neuroIR which seems to be a constant worry among neurIR teams with hospital admins threatening to switch their pay per production which would cut their salary by 30-40%. So you better have other skill sets to occupy yourself to make up the majority of your earning. If you are a neurology track neuroIR, then you need to be a neurohospitalist as well. If you are radiology track neurIR, you have much else you can do if you have diagnostic reading skill or other procedural skills. For radiologists, thrombectomy is likely <10-15% of their revenue.

Whether a neuroIR is trained via neurology or rad track, I greatly appreciate he/she (never met a woman neuroIR yet) is willing to come in at 3 am for thrombectomy when I can go back to sleep after the phone call. Thus I am very grateful they are willing to do it. For my fellow neurologists wanting to do thrombectomy, you deserve my respect! I would not do it for $500k salary.
 
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