For starters, a little background on who I am as an applicant:
Age: 22
GPA ~3.65 Science GPA ~3.86
MCAT to be taken July 6, w/ practice scores in the range of 32-36.
Graduating next semester.
Grades and scores like that should get you a spot in a US allopathic school.
1. My interest is in serving overseas. While practicing on domestic military bases is an extremely noble profession, I am allured by the opportunity to work in more hostile environments. It sounds cliche, but I want to push the border of front-line medicine. I want to get as close as I can, while still being a doctor. With that being said, with which branch am I most likely to do so? Is there an advantage conferred to USUHS students in attaining these positions?
In a word, no. USUHS may have some advantage in getting a military intern position (if that's what you want) simply because the military MUST put all USUHS grads at a military PGY-1 program. The flip side is that USUHS grads have zero chance of being deferred for internship & a near-zero chance of being deferred for residency (if that's what you want).
USUHS grads don't have any particular advantage re: staff billets. It is easier for USUHS grads to make connections within the military a little earlier but one certainly shouldn't count on that weak/nebulous "influence" to help you steer where you go and what you do.
GMOs, especially with the USMC, get as close to the front as most military doctors do, and even that typically isn't very close. There are other major drawbacks to being a GMO that are hashed out repeatedly and in detail on this forum. Joining the military to be a GMO is a bad idea, IMHO, with the possible excption of people with prior military experience who sorta know what they might be getting themselves into. One of my USUHS classmates said the only reason he went to med school was so he could be a flight surgeon - he was a prior military pilot, and it worked out for him.
As a residency trained, board eligible/certified military physician, you are NOT likely to work in a hostile environment. At least, not deliberately. There are some operational billets and GMO conversions, which are mostly filled by primary care physicians, but those guys don't really do the kind of work I think you're imagining.
If you have interest in being a front-line doctor hanging out with the special forces types, it's not going to happen. Those few spots seem to go to ex-SF guys who left SF, went to medical school and then went home to the SF, so to speak. Young straight-through HS-college-medschool guys just don't wind up doing ops with the SEALs.
2. It's been mentioned so many times in so many different ways, but I'm still not grasping the difference between the civilian route, the HSPS route and the USUHS route in terms of years of education...
The education duration is the same; allopathic residencies are ACGME accredited inside and outside the military. USUHS grads are more-or-less obligated to do an inservice residency simply because 7 years is a looooong time to take the GMO-&-out path. That may or may not limit desired options. HPSP grads have the option of doing GMO time and getting out to do a civilian residency, which may or may not be what they want. Civilians don't worry about GMO time and just go straight through.
The only difference in years of education is whether or not the military route includes a GMO delay between internship and residency.
My primary interest is Emergency Medicine or General Surgery. While I haven't had a huge exposure to other fields (and my preferences may, in fact, change), my experience in EMS has convinced me that this is the field for me. How LONG would it take me to complete my residency with each route?
Gen surg is 5 - intern + 4 yrs
ER is 3 or 4 - intern + 2 or 3 yrs depending on program, I think, with a trend toward the 4 year programs, not 100% sure about that
3. Let's say I choose USUHS and I repay my 7-years of commitment. What do those seven years entail? Will I have completed my residency?
Unless you drop/fail out of residency, or you're a screwup who chooses not to do a residency, or you have your heart set on pediatric neuroendocrinologic interventional radologic minimally invasive robotic surgery (not a real specialty
🙂) and have to GMO-&-out it to do your obscure specialty training in the civilian world, yes you'll have finished residency. Couple possible paths:
Graduate owing 7 years
year 1: internship (still owe 7 years)
year 2-3: GMO time (now owe 5 years)
year 4-7: gen surg residency (still owe 5 years)
year 8-12: staff tour (0 years left at end)
year 1: internship (still owe 7 years)
year 2-5: gen surg residency (skipped GMO tour, still owe 7 years)
year 6-12: staff tour (0 years left at end)
Yes, your 7 year USUHS commitment ends up being 16 years on active duty (surprise!). 4 @ USUHS, 5 for gen surg internship/residency, 7 for payback.
This ties into the previous question. More importantly, after my seven-year commitment, if I choose to serve in a civilian setting, will I be at a disadvantage compared to my colleagues?
Depends on a lot of factors. Skill rot in the military is a concern for a lot of us. In the end, it seems the great majority of people do just fine when they get out.
4. I am fairly certain that if I did re-enter the civilian arena, I would still want to find an affiliation through the Department of Defense, or state/regional EMS (perhaps as a medical director, or something of the sort). Could any significant advantage be conferred to me by pursuing USUHS over HPSP?
No. Nobody will care.
5. Finally, what exactly are the major differences between the branches of the military, IN TERMS of the 'type' of medicine or assignments that one might receive.
The Air Force is nearly universally hated by physicians, as it appears to have led the way when it comes to everything that is wrong with milmed.
The Army is biggest. The Navy has the Marine Corps. Navy flight surgeons (GMOs) actually fly more than Air force flight surgeons. Spending time as a GMO is more likely in the Navy than the Army. The Navy doesn't have many billets away from water, the Army does.
More importantly, I want to know that I can receive the kind of training I want (ideally, in my chosen specialty)
Aye, there's the rub.
Honest truth #1 is that the military can't offer that to you.
Honest truth #2 is that you, as a premed, really don't know what specialty you will choose right now. You might be thinking GS or EM, but odds are high you'll change your mind.
Honest truth #3 is that military residency programs vary in quality from 'quite good' to 'meh' to 'why is this place still open?' ... accepting a HPSP or USUHS offer is a leap of faith that the specialty you will eventually choose will be (a) available to any military applicant, (b) attainable to you when you apply, (c) of a quality comparable to civilian programs.
I don't recommend HPSP or USUHS to anyone any more, unless they have prior service and know what they're getting into, and have retirement credit that changes the $ calculus.
For people like you , I think FAP or even direct accession after residency are likely to be a far better choice if you want to serve. Total control over your training, no need to commit to service many years in advance.
Be sure to read
this recent thread.