"The committee on admissions will use the entire application to ensure that the candidate has demonstrated reasonable accomplishment of all of the identified competencies; this includes the AMCAS application, academic record, personal comments, roster of experiences, letters of recommendation, the Einstein supplemental application, written and verbal communication with the admissions office, and an interview (when applicable)." - Einstein 2022-2023 Applicant Guide
"Please be patient and contact the Admissions Office only if you think there is a problem with the receipt of some or all of your materials." - Einstein Supplemental Application
So to answer your question, yes, they might look up your number, and it could hurt your chances of receiving an ii or A.
The following is speculation. I have not worked for any admissions committee, but I would like to give some encouragement, pre-med to pre-med.
Fortunately, looking up your number requires work. AECOM receives about 8,000 completed applications a cycle, so it's probably be more effort than its worth to track down a specific phone number. Your phone number might not even be very searchable, since the AMCAS application is the only place you document it. I doubt that you were disrespectful, and you didn't do anything unethical. Therefore, I think the most likely outcome this that you briefly annoyed someone at the admissions office and nothing more. Personally, I'd be surprised if it had any effect on your application.