Were all of your scores ~17? Or did you perform poorly in one section? If you've already applied to one school, I'm guessing that your app is already verified by now. If you have a 3.7 GPA and other areas of your app are strong, I'd apply to schools that have lower DAT averages where you'll still be competitive. A 17 is definitely below the 20-21 average for schools and will be an uphill battle when applying, but accepted students have scores higher and lower than 20 to produce the 20-21 average.
If you're going to apply, do so ASAP because you're getting pretty late into the cycle. If you decide to retake the DAT, the earliest you could do is November, which at that point schools are mainly reviewing apps, if they still are, for post-dec interviews and a few spots. So retaking the DAT would ultimately be for the next application cycle and I'd recommend retaking it when convenient for you and when you feel confident you can score well since it will likely not affect your results this cycle if you need to re-apply.
Usually people after the DAT are trying to decide whether or not to apply the a reason to not apply is that next cycle you'd be marked as a "re-applicant", but since you've already submitted one app, you have to mark yourself as a re-applicant next cycle regardless.
My recommendation is to continue to apply to dental schools since it's $108/school (since you've already submitted one). Worst case, you get zero interview invites, which I highly doubt will happen given your GPA and "a lot of extracurriculars, shadowing, and research", and you waste ~$1000. On the other hand, you may get some interview invites where you'll get a chance to prove yourself as a unique candidate as someone worth more than his/her DAT score. If you get lucky enough to get an acceptance, fantastic. Dental schools on the low-end raise tuition 3%/year so if you're lucky to start next year as opposed to re-applying, you've already recouped the $1000 risked.
A 17 AA is low and don't let my recommendation to continue apply this cycle mean that I think a 17 is good. It's definitely an uphill battle, but I think you still have a chance IF you submit ASAP.