Doctor's arrest in New Orleans

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jetproppilot said:
if you don't have a satellite cell phone in a natural disaster, look for an old fashion pay-phone.

You'll probably pick it up and hear a most-comforting sound....a sound that has the potential to reconnect you to the world...something everyone takes for granted every day of our lives....

a dial tone.

According to the communication peoples, you can send text messages in a time of tragedy such as this better than voice communication. Text messages are a short blast of info compared to voice communication. I remember this as being one of the recommendations for communication (ie, text your family, say you're ok and getting the heck out of dodge) rather than calling someone if such an event of this magnitude should ever happen again.
 
rn29306 said:
According to the communication peoples, you can send text messages in a time of tragedy such as this better than voice communication. Text messages are a short blast of info compared to voice communication. I remember this as being one of the recommendations for communication (ie, text your family, say you're ok and getting the heck out of dodge) rather than calling someone if such an event of this magnitude should ever happen again.


YES!!!!

Sorry to have forgotten that.

Thanks for your post, RN24357871819239`37`013`0808`0.

This was in fact true.

Wish I wouldda figured it out earlier.....I didnt figure it out until I'd exited the city.
 
Just from my persepective, I'm amazed your hospital has enough life support medications on hand for as long as you did. After our earthquake of '89, we had enough narcotics, epi, lido, atropine, etc...for 3 days. With the bridge down & the wholesaler in Sacramento, we had to evaluate our supply fast. Certainly NOTHING like what you went though! But...I had a 4 year old at the time - once I knew he was safe & home with Dad....I knew I could go back & do what I had to do for the next 24 hrs.

In 2001 NY - the drugs went fast & there was no resupply for a long time. In that situation, there was no communication between depts even longer which caused issues.

I know from stories in the pharmacy press about the NO debacle, just getting medications was an issue and looting was a terrifying experience.

Pharmacies just don't keep more than about a 72 hour supply of absolutely "essential" stuff on hand because we know we can obtain it from each other & can "overnight" it in an absolute emergency. But, when a disaster hits a whole, huge area like NO & no relief comes in....just limiting who gets what drug becomes a difficult decision. I wouldn't be surprised if just this situation might come out in this circumstance.

A previous poster said a second level of DNR might be giving antibiotics & fluids. But..when your fluoroquiolones are running low - like you have enough to last 24 hrs, perhaps 48 if you really restrict them...then the policy is now being bent. So...now does lack of a sufficient antibiotic put you in the comfort care area when it might not if all other things were equal? And...as Jet said...all those folks who wrote the policies around the cherrywood table in the executive wing are long gone. Do you keep your staff hydrated with IV's or risk them drinking the water & then needing to utilize already limited antibiotics...all while trying to not get your narcotics stolen.....I don't use guns, so if someone threatens me & wants me to give the narcotics - I give anyone what they want - no questions!

A picture of hell from my perspective.......
 
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GasEmDee said:
I agree with Jet and PainDr. The definition of DNR is not relevant to this thread. How would this discussion be any different if the patients were full code?
.

I'm glad someone else was thinking the same thing.
 
I don't have much to add to this topic per se other than that I think going after Pou given the circumstances is a tad assinine. There were many tragedies that happened in NOLA, the greatest being perpetrated by our own givernment. Not Dr. Pou.


I did want to add that jet your posts are very powerful and until now I really didn't fully understand the desperation felt in that city. You can see reports on TV or read papers but until you read a vivid account from a person whom you respect it just doesn't register the same. I couldn't begin to imagine what you have been through.
 
Jet is the man. I want to know what hospital, if you want to please PM me.

I just want to shed a little more light on the people that actually stood up for Dr. Pou is that LA times article (which I think is the first LA times article that I ever agree with). I also feel safe to use names because these are the people that represent the Medical center on Dr. Pou's behalf.

Dr. Nuss. Student advocate. Chairman of ENT at LSU-New Orleans. Not only is he a skull base surgeon and one of the best in the country, he loves to teach. He also knows HOW to teach which is a big difference.

Dr. Ali. The best pulmonologist critical care guy at LSU. Also a great teacher.

Dr. Deboisblanc...did you see the piece on him on CNN? He was in Charity, the other flooding hospital. Enough said

Anyone who stayed in any hospital in New Orleans during a hurricane is a hero. It is a self sacrifice that I can only say thank you too.

I also wanted to say that if she is found Not-guilty or even if it does not go to trial...how screwed is her career?

cubs
 
jetproppilot said:
Thanks for your post, RN24357871819239`37`013`0808`0.


Glad to be of comic relief for you.

If you decide to go pistol shopping, pm me.
 
A-non-y-mous said:
How ill were these patients?

On the skilled nursing, long-term rehab floor, some vent dependent, how long can you ambu with no electricity, no food, 100 degree heat, 100% humidity, no air circulation etc etc etc ....................................
 
I have nothing but the utmost respect for the medical community that lived through that. I can't ever imagine what you all went through and that is why I don't think any of us that didn't live it could hope to look at the situation and make sense out of it.

I know what its like to bag someone through a code for 20min enroute to the hospital and it doesn't take long after that for your hands to just stop working and thats in your everyday setting. Looking at situations like that in a triage mindset I have to ask would a hospital consider what patients need medication, o2, etc care most and start grouping patients as in other MCI situations?
 
Jet you mentioned that one of the family members came out in support of Doctor Pou. There were 3 patients right? What are the other families saying?
 
Sammich81 said:
Jet you mentioned that one of the family members came out in support of Doctor Pou. There were 3 patients right? What are the other families saying?

Havent read anything more about family member comments.

Maybe Cubs3canes or another local can add what the media has been reporting.
 
how long can you ambu with no electricity

As long as you need to. It's truly amazing what people can do when they have no other choice. BTW, something else happened, something that's been kept very quiet. At Charity, the staff and patients continued to evac to higher and higher floors, until eventually, they found themselves on the roof. One of those on the roof was a Chief of Staff (who shall remain nameless). This person is an aquaintance of former VP Al Gore. The Chiefs' family and friends were able to contact Gore and make him aware of the situation. Mr. Gore personally organized and financed a rescue mission and got everyone out. When you saw/heard about the choppers flying in to rescue the people stranded on the roof at Charity, it WASN'T OUR GOVERNMENT, it was a private rescue mission!!!!!!! 😱
 
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GasEmDee said:
I agree with Jet and PainDr. The definition of DNR is not relevant to this thread. How would this discussion be any different if the patients were full code?

did dr. pou walk around giving morphine/midaz to full-code patients? if she did, why? why were the dnr patients excepted? why did the unique situation of katrina automatically excuse her actions (what she probably perceived) as being the "right thing to do" where it otherwise would not have been?

i think, barring jet's grandstanding, this is the key point. and, i think - no, i know - it's gonna get addressed in the courts.

in the meantime, sorry for actually making people have to think a little harder about this issue than they wanted to. otherwise, the automatic default is that dr. pou's actions were justified - legally, ethically, and without reserve. is that what you're saying, jet?
 
VolatileAgent said:
did dr. pou walk around giving morphine/midaz to full-code patients? if she did, why? why were the dnr patients excepted? why did the unique situation of katrina automatically excuse her actions (what she probably perceived) as being the "right thing to do" where it otherwise would not have been?

i think, barring jet's grandstanding, this is the key point. and, i think - no, i know - it's gonna get addressed in the courts.

in the meantime, sorry for actually making people have to think a little harder about this issue than they wanted to. otherwise, the automatic default is that dr. pou's actions were justified - legally, ethically, and without reserve. is that what you're saying, jet?

Unfortunate you interpret my posts as grandstanding.

Felt the need to convey the desperation of New Orleans immediately after the storm, along with my experiences/thoughts/emotions.

I don't know what level you are at, but unless you have many years under your belt and/or served in a military commando unit thats been cut off of support, your post conveys a very black and white opinion which I dont agree with.

BTW, since you wanna apply every day rules to this scenerio, lemme ask you a question: How often are opiods/benzodiazepines utilized in the sedation of the critically ill in america? Is this a rare occurrence?

And since you say we're assuming "Dr Pou's actions were justified,", just exactly what were her actions?
 
jetproppilot said:
Havent read anything more about family member comments.

Maybe Cubs3canes or another local can add what the media has been reporting.

Here's the link to the front page of the New Orleans Times-Picayune where you may peruse the headlines and click on detailed stories.

Note: this URL refreshes daily, to the current day's paper. I'm posting this on Sunday, July 23, and the today's front page is full of various stories related to the Pou issue.
 
trinityalumnus said:
Here's the link to the front page of the New Orleans Times-Picayune where you may peruse the headlines and click on detailed stories.

Note: this URL refreshes daily, to the current day's paper. I'm posting this on Sunday, July 23, and the today's front page is full of various stories related to the Pou issue.

I guess it would be helpful if I actually included the link. :idea:

http://www.nola.com/
 
there is a far cry of difference between triage during a disaster, with the necessity to focus limited resources, and actively administering compounds without permission or consent that will hasten a person's death. other than that, i'm not trying to make a determination whether or not her actions were the right thing to do. i'm not placing judgments on anyone. i was not there.

but, the facts as they've been relayed so far is that there was a situation were one doctor and two nurses were known to have been walking around talking about euthanasia just prior to administering potent respiratory depressant medications to patients who were listed as DNR. in my mind, many physicians - many physicians - often equate a DNR with it being acceptable to withdraw support. (this is a huge re-training issue for many healthcare providers - the "why bother" attitude - and all physicians should be stalwart in not even letting those two concepts comingle in your mind).

but, this goes even one step farther. she actively made the decision to administer these compounds without explicit permission. in light of this, i cannot help but believe that the fact that they knew these patients were DNR made their actions seem reasonable at that time, and in no small influenced their decision to act and do what they perceived to be the right. and, ultimately, maybe it was the right thing to do. that's not my call to make. but, her actions are certainly something i personally never would have done, regardless of the circumstances. if that can be considered judgmental by some, then so be it. but, i'm only in charge of me and can only ultimately control what i do. i can't and don't expect everyone else to follow my lead, and i'm happy to change my opinion when there is overwhelming evidence that i've been mistaken about something.

yet, along with that, that brings up even bigger points around this issue. where was everyone else when she and her team were doling out these medications? where were her colleagues? she could not possibly have been the only physician in the hospital at that time. it seems that, if these were justifiable actions, there would've been a consensus even after the dust has since settled. and, maybe there is/was and this will come out in court. but, in any other circumstances, she would not have been able to act alone as a physician in such a manner. that is the crux of this issue.

so, in my estimation, this does need to go to court. this does need to be adjudicated if not for any other reason than to clarify when it is and is not appropriate to administer lethal care in such circumstances. there does need to be clarification as to whether or not her actions were criminal.

and, jet, as far as your roundabout way to attempt to call what you perhaps erroneously perceive as my "limited life experience" into question concerning the points i've raised, it is irrelevant. it is also none of your business. suffice it to say that i'm probably older than you and have accomplished equal, if not distinct, things in my life. still, you don't know me, what my past life experiences were prior to med school and entering anesthesia training, what my core beliefs are, or my current or prior accomplishments and achievements happen to be - don't attempt to guess at them or somehow try to make them a legitimate debate tactic in this discussion. this issue has nothing to do with me personally - so stop trying to make it so. you do grandstand when you are passionate, and it is more than occassionally annoying. furthermore, just because someone is an attending doesn't mean they can't and don't make mistakes. remember that.

what i am talking to here is the yet-to-be-fully-elucidated facts surrounding this incident, and the mitigating circumstances regarding those facts. it is not about whether dr. pou's actions were the "right thing to do", but whether or not they were legal and acceptable with regards to the ethical and legal responsiblities doctors have to their patients in the medical profession as well as what the limits of physician behavior society will accept happen to be. it is also, like it or not, about what the concept of DNR means. we are not above the law nor are we above the ultimate best interests of our patients. this is part and parcel to the reason why we are not given surrogate decision making capacities to those in whom we are charged with caring.

so, right now, my best wishes and hopes for a quick and fair resolution to this matter go out to dr. pou. i can only hope she doesn't feel that their DNR status justified her actions, and that her defense team is not foolish enough to make this part of the defense strategy. in the meantime, don't indict me for attempting to raise valid issues that we all face on a daily basis as physicians, sharing ideas about the potential thought processes surrounding what may have been going through her mind at the time she did what she did, and attempting provoke deeper thought on this issue. i'm not ready to take sides yet, and neither should anyone else be. i will continue, however, to look on with dispassionate interest and bring up discussion that i feel is relevant.

if you don't like that, tough.
 
VolatileAgent said:
there is a far cry of difference between triage during a disaster, with the necessity to focus limited resources, and actively administering compounds without permission or consent that will hasten a person's death. other than that, i'm not trying to make a determination whether or not her actions were the right thing to do. i'm not placing judgments on anyone. i was not there.

but, the facts as they've been relayed so far is that there was a situation were one doctor and two nurses were known to have been walking around talking about euthanasia just prior to administering potent respiratory depressant medications to patients who were listed as DNR. in my mind, many physicians - many physicians - often equate a DNR with it being acceptable to withdraw support. (this is a huge re-training issue for many healthcare providers - the "why bother" attitude - and all physicians should be stalwart in not even letting those two concepts comingle in your mind).

but, this goes even one step farther. she actively made the decision to administer these compounds without explicit permission. in light of this, i cannot help but believe that the fact that they knew these patients were DNR made their actions seem reasonable at that time, and in no small influenced their decision to act and do what they perceived to be the right. and, ultimately, maybe it was the right thing to do. that's not my call to make. but, her actions are certainly something i personally never would have done, regardless of the circumstances. if that can be considered judgmental by some, then so be it. but, i'm only in charge of me and can only ultimately control what i do. i can't and don't expect everyone else to follow my lead, and i'm happy to change my opinion when there is overwhelming evidence that i've been mistaken about something.

yet, along with that, that brings up even bigger points around this issue. where was everyone else when she and her team were doling out these medications? where were her colleagues? she could not possibly have been the only physician in the hospital at that time. it seems that, if these were justifiable actions, there would've been a consensus even after the dust has since settled. and, maybe there is/was and this will come out in court. but, in any other circumstances, she would not have been able to act alone as a physician in such a manner. that is the crux of this issue.

so, in my estimation, this does need to go to court. this does need to be adjudicated if not for any other reason than to clarify when it is and is not appropriate to administer lethal care in such circumstances. there does need to be clarification as to whether or not her actions were criminal.

and, jet, as far as your roundabout way to attempt to call what you perhaps erroneously perceive as my "limited life experience" into question concerning the points i've raised, it is irrelevant. it is also none of your business. suffice it to say that i'm probably older than you and have accomplished equal, if not distinct, things in my life. still, you don't know me, what my past life experiences were prior to med school and entering anesthesia training, what my core beliefs are, or my current or prior accomplishments and achievements happen to be - don't attempt to guess at them or somehow try to make them a legitimate debate tactic in this discussion. this issue has nothing to do with me personally - so stop trying to make it so. you do grandstand when you are passionate, and it is more than occassionally annoying. furthermore, just because someone is an attending doesn't mean they can't and don't make mistakes. remember that.

what i am talking to here is the yet-to-be-fully-elucidated facts surrounding this incident, and the mitigating circumstances regarding those facts. it is not about whether dr. pou's actions were the "right thing to do", but whether or not they were legal and acceptable with regards to the ethical and legal responsiblities doctors have to their patients in the medical profession as well as what the limits of physician behavior society will accept happen to be. it is also, like it or not, about what the concept of DNR means. we are not above the law nor are we above the ultimate best interests of our patients. this is part and parcel to the reason why we are not given surrogate decision making capacities to those in whom we are charged with caring.

so, right now, my best wishes and hopes for a quick and fair resolution to this matter go out to dr. pou. i can only hope she doesn't feel that their DNR status justified her actions, and that her defense team is not foolish enough to make this part of the defense strategy. in the meantime, don't indict me for attempting to raise valid issues that we all face on a daily basis as physicians, sharing ideas about the potential thought processes surrounding what may have been going through her mind at the time she did what she did, and attempting provoke deeper thought on this issue. i'm not ready to take sides yet, and neither should anyone else be. i will continue, however, to look on with dispassionate interest and bring up discussion that i feel is relevant.

if you don't like that, tough.


A long time ago my daddy taught me not to judge a man until you have walked a mile in his shoes. That is old fashioned and honorable....of course
 
VolatileAgent said:
.....i can only hope she doesn't feel that their DNR status justified her actions, and that her defense team is not foolish enough to make this part of the defense strategy..

It would be interesting to know the defense's preliminary strategy.

In a criminal trial, the prosecution must demonstrate beyond a reasonable doubt that the evidence proves guilt. Not just a preponderance of the evidence (which is the standard for a civil trial) but beyond a reasonable doubt.

Given the chaos of the third-world hell in which everyone was trying to survive, I think the prosecution has a very high mountain to climb in order to win a conviction. I think the defense should be able to create reasonable doubt in the jury members' minds.

The defendants are charged with first-degree murder under the Louisiana criminal code (title 14, section 30):

http://www.legis.state.la.us/lss/lss.asp?doc=78397

Unfortunately they meet the definition, if proven guilty.

Two crimes in Louisiana get the death penalty: treason and first-degree murder. A conviction of first-degree murder also generates an automatic appeal.
 
trinityalumnus said:
I guess it would be helpful if I actually included the link. :idea:

http://www.nola.com/

And here's the link to the CBS TV affiliate in New Orleans for other viewpoints:

http://www.wwltv.com/

Strictly for the history purist: WWL started as an AM radio station, growing out of a early-20th century undergraduate physics experiment at Loyola University. WWL means "Wide World of Loyola." Loyola and Tulane undergraduate campuses are next-door neighbors in uptown New Orleans.

Due to it's early inception date, it's grandfathered under some FCC rules regarding power output. At night, WWL radio (870 on the AM dial) is allowed to crank out mega-power (50,000 watts I think), one of only a handful of similar stations in the US. I've picked up WWL in Salt Lake City.

It's also very entertaining to listen to, when dialed in on an aircraft Automatic Direction Finder system.

WWL later expanded into TV as the CBS franchise in New Orleans.
 
trinityalumnus said:
It would be interesting to know the defense's preliminary strategy.

In a criminal trial, the prosecution must demonstrate beyond a reasonable doubt that the evidence proves guilt. Not just a preponderance of the evidence (which is the standard for a civil trial) but beyond a reasonable doubt.

Given the chaos of the third-world hell in which everyone was trying to survive, I think the prosecution has a very high mountain to climb in order to win a conviction. I think the defense should be able to create reasonable doubt in the jury members' minds.

The defendants are charged with first-degree murder under the Louisiana criminal code (title 14, section 30):

http://www.legis.state.la.us/lss/lss.asp?doc=78397

Unfortunately they meet the definition, if proven guilty.

Two crimes in Louisiana get the death penalty: treason and first-degree murder. A conviction of first-degree murder also generates an automatic appeal.

I think they've been charged with second degree.
 
trinityalumnus said:
ooops, my bad.

Here's the actual indictment from the prosecution, listing witnesses and their statements to investigators:

http://news.findlaw.com/nytimes/docs/katrina/lapoui706wrnt.html

Second degree murder: Louisiana revised statute 14:30.1:

http://www.legis.state.la.us/lss/lss.asp?doc=78398


Here's the crux of the indictment:

After the forensic pathologist reviewed the records and the test results, he advised that in all four cases it appeared that a lethal amount of morphine was administered. Additionally, in two cases the concentration of midazolam was greater than expected from normal therapeutic doses. The forensic pathologist advised that according to the medical records, none of the four patients were being administered morphine or midazolam for their routine pharmaceutical care requirements.

And the eye-witnesses' accounts in the indictment are pretty damning.
 
to answer Jet's question.
No idea how the other families feel about the issue.

"Lethal levels of Morphine." How accurate is this? What can they really tell? Can they tell the timing of the morphine? What I mean is, if it was all given at one time or over a period of hours to releve pain.

I also read today or yesterday, that she had an opportunity to leave and did not to take care of those patients. Would you do that? Would I? I do not know.

I really want to read the evidence and I will wait to make my judgement. She has still not been endicted yet.
 
Yeah, perhaps we can consult the pathology message board and find out how reliable tissue concentrations are for toxic levels of drugs.

Anyone have an expertise in this area?!?

How would days (or weeks?) of dessication effect the levels found by the pathologists? What methods would they use to arrive at the levels of versed and morphine? GC/MS? immunohistochemistry? At some point, I believe there is probably an extrapolation of found levels to in vivo levels - how reliable are these methods?

Regardless of the above, I agree with Trinity, the eye-witness accounts are pretty damning. Although, I think it is within reason to keep JPP's posts formost in your mind....if there ever was a case which had extenuating-f'ing circumstances this was it!
 
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trinityalumnus said:
Of course this is probably grandstanding by the Louisiana Attorney General. But remember, he had to present evidence to the Grand Jury before indictments were handed down. He and the police issued arrest warrants only after the Grand Jury (a jury of our peers) examined the evidence and decided there was probable cause.

I'm not defending anyone, just reciting the facts.

There is also the probability of medical staff internal personality conflicts and getting even here.

Nobody is going to jail unless proven guilty at trial, convicted by a different jury of their peers. Given all the horrible conditions aptly described by JPP, how do they expect to find 12 citizens willing to convict? Highly doubtful.

Actually, Foti doesn't present anything to the grand jury -- that's for Eddie Jordan to do, and he hasn't done it yet. That's right, these ladies have all been arrested and have not yet been charged. STILL. Even after they went to this poor lady's house to get her after she volunteered to turn herself in, she has yet to be charged.
 
trinityalumnus said:
ooops, my bad.

Here's the actual indictment from the prosecution, listing witnesses and their statements to investigators:

http://news.findlaw.com/nytimes/docs/katrina/lapoui706wrnt.html

Second degree murder: Louisiana revised statute 14:30.1:

http://www.legis.state.la.us/lss/lss.asp?doc=78398


This isn't actually the indictment, it's just an affidavit from Foti asking for warrants from the DA to arrest the ladies he wants charged. Like I said in the previous post, there are no official charges as of yet (unless I missed something today).
 
PainDr said:
As long as you need to. It's truly amazing what people can do when they have no other choice. BTW, something else happened, something that's been kept very quiet. At Charity, the staff and patients continued to evac to higher and higher floors, until eventually, they found themselves on the roof. One of those on the roof was a Chief of Staff (who shall remain nameless). This person is an aquaintance of former VP Al Gore. The Chiefs' family and friends were able to contact Gore and make him aware of the situation. Mr. Gore personally organized and financed a rescue mission and got everyone out. When you saw/heard about the choppers flying in to rescue the people stranded on the roof at Charity, it WASN'T OUR GOVERNMENT, it was a private rescue mission!!!!!!! 😱

Actually, no one was evac'd from the roof of Charity. The evac was from the roof of Tulane Hospital across the street from Charity. Charity's patients were carried through the flood waters across Tulane Avenue and taken away from there. This was coordinated by the admins at HCA, who actually stayed and suffered with the patients and staff. If you want to read the story, check this out:

http://www.ajc.com/blogs/content/shared-blogs/ajc/twohospitals

It's a long read, but if you break it up, you can get it done. Well worth your while (I especially think volatile should read it from start to finish). It really gives you an idea of what people like jet and Dr. Pou went through as the s*it was flying.
 
peptidoglycan said:
Actually, no one was evac'd from the roof of Charity. The evac was from the roof of Tulane Hospital across the street from Charity. Charity's patients were carried through the flood waters across Tulane Avenue and taken away from there. This was coordinated by the admins at HCA, who actually stayed and suffered with the patients and staff. If you want to read the story, check this out:

http://www.ajc.com/blogs/content/shared-blogs/ajc/twohospitals

It's a long read, but if you break it up, you can get it done. Well worth your while (I especially think volatile should read it from start to finish). It really gives you an idea of what people like jet and Dr. Pou went through as the s*it was flying.

thanks for posting the link.

Dr Deboisblanc is a hero indeed...interned under him in the ICU for 2 months at Charity.
 
peptidoglycan said:
Actually, Foti doesn't present anything to the grand jury -- that's for Eddie Jordan to do, and he hasn't done it yet. That's right, these ladies have all been arrested and have not yet been charged. STILL. Even after they went to this poor lady's house to get her after she volunteered to turn herself in, she has yet to be charged.

I think it was pretty chicken s hit of the PD/Foti to arrest her at her home when she already offered to voluntarily come in. 👎 A move like that smells like someone trying to win a little PR for themselves.
 
The story (link) you provided was true but not the whole story. Also, the story I posted was not entirely accurate. Sorry for the previous post...it's amazing how ones' memory can change with time. Anyway, some of the Charity patients and staff did end up on the roof but were eventually taken to the airport. However, prior to evac, plans for a private rescue mission were already in motion. The Gore funded mission did take place, but ended up happening at the airport. This info comes from an LSU neurosurgery resident who was in intermittent contact with Dr. Kline throughout the whole ordeal.

http://www.tpmcafe.com/story/2005/9/7/164747/4155

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jamal-simmons/remembering-al-gores-kat_b_17653.html

http://www.algore04.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=285&Itemid=81

http://hungeski.gnn.tv/blogs/9178/Al_Gore_Rescues_Katrina_Victims