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Hello fellow SDNer's, my HA professor gave our class somewhat of a practice test take home for break. We have finals coming up so it is to help us see how prepared we are. However, I have several questions that I have either a) no idea or b) made a guess, but am not completely confident. I'm listing the questions below, and I would well appreciate it if you guys would help with the rational behind the answers. As always, if you guys don't feel right about answering, please don't. But please don't turn this thread into a "you're cheating" thread. This is an optional assignment to help us in the class, and I would welcome help. However, please don't help if you feel it is immoral in any way.
The defect known as winged scapula is caused by damage to a nerve that araises from which of the following structures of the brachial plexus?
a) Medial Cord
b) Posterior Cord
c)Lower Trunk
d) Roots
e) Upper Trunk
Left ventricular hypertrophy could result from which of the following conditions?
a) A constricted pulmonary trunk
b) An abnormally small left atrioventricular opening
c) Improper closing of the pulmonary valve
d) Stenosis of the aorta
e) An abnormally large right atrioventricular opening
I thought B is the correct answer. A and C I thought were more related to the right ventricle, if anything. E involves the right ventricle also, not the left.
When the diaphragm contracts, which of the following conditions is most likely to occur?
a) Decreased thoracic volume
b) Increased abdominal volume
c) Increased lung volume
d)Air flow out of the bronchi
e) Increased thoracic pressure
I had picked D. I imagine that diaphragm contraction is pushing air out of the lungs, so D would make sense.
A 34 year-old man is examined in the prison infirmary after sustaining a superficial stab wound to the superolateral aspect of the thoracic wall at the level of the third rib. There is little bleeding and no difficulty breathing; however, the medial border of the scapula on the injured side pulls away from the body wall when the arm is raised. In addition, the arm cannot be abducted above the horizontal. Which of the following muscles is paralyzed?
a) Levator scapulae
b) Pectoralis minor
c) Rhomboid major
d) Serratus anterior
e) Supraspinatus
I picked E. It abducts and it also located around the 3rd rib.
A patient with acute cholecystitis experiences referred pain to the right shoulder. Which of the following dermatomes is most likely involved?
a)C1-C2
b)C3-C5
c)C6-C8
d)T1-T3
e) T4-T6
I really have no idea. I'm guessing that the dermatome at the level of the cholecystitis is the one damaged, this why the pain is being referred to the shoulder? Or, something about visercal afferents don't perceive pain as well, so it refers somewhere else?
Which of the following pairs of veins is considered a portal-caval anatamosis?
a) hepatic veins and inferior vena cava
b) superior and middle rectal veins
c) left and right gastric veins
d) inferior and superficial epigastric veins
e) suprarenal and renal veins
I feel stupid, but I don't know. I initially thought A, b/c the portal system is associated with the liver (hepatic) and then the caval part obviously connects with the IVC.
Which of the following structures would most likely be absent in the spinal cord at the L4 spinal cord levels?
a)Dorsal horn
b) Ventral horn
c)Lateral horn
d)Gray matter
e) White matter
Seriously, no idea. I feel like I wasn't paying attention in class when he explained this. So please, some explanation would be wonderful!
Thanks for the help guys. I really want to do well in this class. I've been doing well on lecture exams, but the final kind of worries me.
The defect known as winged scapula is caused by damage to a nerve that araises from which of the following structures of the brachial plexus?
a) Medial Cord
b) Posterior Cord
c)Lower Trunk
d) Roots
e) Upper Trunk
Left ventricular hypertrophy could result from which of the following conditions?
a) A constricted pulmonary trunk
b) An abnormally small left atrioventricular opening
c) Improper closing of the pulmonary valve
d) Stenosis of the aorta
e) An abnormally large right atrioventricular opening
I thought B is the correct answer. A and C I thought were more related to the right ventricle, if anything. E involves the right ventricle also, not the left.
When the diaphragm contracts, which of the following conditions is most likely to occur?
a) Decreased thoracic volume
b) Increased abdominal volume
c) Increased lung volume
d)Air flow out of the bronchi
e) Increased thoracic pressure
I had picked D. I imagine that diaphragm contraction is pushing air out of the lungs, so D would make sense.
A 34 year-old man is examined in the prison infirmary after sustaining a superficial stab wound to the superolateral aspect of the thoracic wall at the level of the third rib. There is little bleeding and no difficulty breathing; however, the medial border of the scapula on the injured side pulls away from the body wall when the arm is raised. In addition, the arm cannot be abducted above the horizontal. Which of the following muscles is paralyzed?
a) Levator scapulae
b) Pectoralis minor
c) Rhomboid major
d) Serratus anterior
e) Supraspinatus
I picked E. It abducts and it also located around the 3rd rib.
A patient with acute cholecystitis experiences referred pain to the right shoulder. Which of the following dermatomes is most likely involved?
a)C1-C2
b)C3-C5
c)C6-C8
d)T1-T3
e) T4-T6
I really have no idea. I'm guessing that the dermatome at the level of the cholecystitis is the one damaged, this why the pain is being referred to the shoulder? Or, something about visercal afferents don't perceive pain as well, so it refers somewhere else?
Which of the following pairs of veins is considered a portal-caval anatamosis?
a) hepatic veins and inferior vena cava
b) superior and middle rectal veins
c) left and right gastric veins
d) inferior and superficial epigastric veins
e) suprarenal and renal veins
I feel stupid, but I don't know. I initially thought A, b/c the portal system is associated with the liver (hepatic) and then the caval part obviously connects with the IVC.
Which of the following structures would most likely be absent in the spinal cord at the L4 spinal cord levels?
a)Dorsal horn
b) Ventral horn
c)Lateral horn
d)Gray matter
e) White matter
Seriously, no idea. I feel like I wasn't paying attention in class when he explained this. So please, some explanation would be wonderful!
Thanks for the help guys. I really want to do well in this class. I've been doing well on lecture exams, but the final kind of worries me.
