Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[Twinkle1]

1. portal hepatic vein contain blood from which? Pancreas, kidney, adrenal gland or spleen
2. which for supine position of ulnar-radial joint? Brachialis, bisceps brachii or other muscle.
3. Delto-axial joint contain which nerve? Axilary, radial, brachial, median
4. Noma (stometitis) for which? Carcinoma in situ, herpes virus, candidiasis, stomatitis....
5. What structure causes the buccal vestibule to decrease in size when the jaw is opened wide? Condyle, corocoid, hamular or styloid process

 

[Twinkle1]

Which is most common complication of Myocardial Infarction
Cardiogenic shock
cardiac rupture
CHF
Dysarythmia
Thromboembolism

 

[Twinkle1]

1. Patient with dettachment of retina on left eye, response of his pupil to bright light
2.In a patient with esophageal varies ---> hematemesis

 

[Twinkle1]

1. blow on temporal area, which bone is least likely to be affected? any thoughts.. i donot have choices.--- occipital least likely
2. where is loop of henle? a. cortex b. inner medulla c. outer medulla
4. lymphatic drainage from where DOES NOT come into anterior triangle??
a. parotid gland b. upper molars c. lower molars... d. incisors...
5. which structure joins the duodenum and ileum to posterior abdominal wall?
mesentery proper

 

[IMPACT]

In an anxious dental patient, systolic BP is raised because of
decreased arterial compliance????
Decreased venous compliance???/
Can someone please explain the physiological causes of changes in venous and arterial compliance please.

 

[dr37]

1. Patient with dettachment of retina on left eye, response of his pupil to bright light
2.In a patient with esophageal varies ---> hematemesis

Which is the most common cause of bleeding in ALCHOLICS?

Mallory Weis syndrome or Oesophageal Varices

 

[pb2007]

Which is the most common cause of bleeding in ALCHOLICS?

Mallory Weis syndrome or Oesophageal Varices

mallory weiss syndrome

 

[pb2007]

In an anxious dental patient, systolic BP is raised because of
decreased arterial compliance????
Decreased venous compliance???/
Can someone please explain the physiological causes of changes in venous and arterial compliance please.

decreased arterial compliance
compliance describes destensibility of blood vessels
vascular compliance is the slope of the relationship between a rise in the volume in the vessel and the rise in pressure produced by that rise ,so
c=v/p
systolic pressure is a function of the stroke volume {and compliance}.
[source of info usmle physio roadmap ]
plz correct if wrong

 

[pbkal]

Which is the most common cause of bleeding in ALCHOLICS?

Mallory Weis syndrome or Oesophageal Varices

esophageal varices.question from previous papers.

 

[pbkal]

Which is most common complication of Myocardial Infarction
Cardiogenic shock
cardiac rupture
CHF
Dysarythmia
Thromboembolism

i think the ans shud be CHF.

 

[SOON2be]

a foreign antigen gets in thru the skin,
where is first going to end up?
lymph node, malt, liver, kidney spleen

 

[IMPACT]

decreased arterial compliance
compliance describes destensibility of blood vessels
vascular compliance is the slope of the relationship between a rise in the volume in the vessel and the rise in pressure produced by that rise ,so
c=v/p
systolic pressure is a function of the stroke volume {and compliance}.
[source of info usmle physio roadmap ]
plz correct if wrong

Thanks- your explanation seems correct.
This question itself seemed weird as I knew that systolic BP increases bcoz of increased sympathetic activity and hence vasoconstriction, also incase of increased sympathetic activation there is decreased venous compliance and increased cardiac output. However I couldn't find a direct link between arterial compliance and systolic BP except the above explanation.

 

[dentistjpr]

1)Each of the following viruses is capable of transformation but:
retrovirus
picornavirus
herpesvirus
hep b
human papiloma virus

(Ans is picorna...and i do not understand y)

 

[OM BDS]

1)Each of the following viruses is capable of transformation but:
retrovirus
picornavirus---RNA so its not capable of transformation
herpesvirus
hep b
human papiloma virus DNA virus

(Ans is picorna...and i do not understand y)

let me know if its correct

 

[OM BDS]

a foreign antigen gets in thru the skin,
where is first going to end up?
lymph node, malt, liver, kidney spleen

LN and malt are slow moving fluid..kidney will be supplied by oxygenated blood and spleen also...liver will be the 1st organ which will detoxify the blood so i think liver is the ans....let me know if its correct.

 

[OM BDS]

Which is the most common cause of bleeding in ALCHOLICS?

Ans- Mallory Weis syndrome
Oesophageal Varices it is primarily d/t portal hypertension.

 

[dr37]

Which is the most common cause of bleeding in ALCHOLICS?

Ans- Mallory Weis syndrome
Oesophageal Varices it is primarily d/t portal hypertension.

even i thought so but the old papers say oesophageal varices..??

 

[IMPACT]

I dont understand this q.....transformation, transduction and conjugation are all types of bacterial replication- bacterial genetic material is DNA anywayz so no question of an RNA here.

Viruses can only replicate in host cell by either translation (RNA) or Trascription (DNA) ...there could be other players in the picture like bacteriophages and prions which criss-cross genetic material from these organisms.
transformation with regards to viruses means transforming a host cell into an oncogene.

Can you please re-check the source of this question or correct me if wrong!

 

[goyalD141284]

a foreign antigen gets in thru the skin,
where is first going to end up?
lymph node, malt, liver, kidney spleen

i think ans is lymphnode , as liver is not a lymphoid organ.

lymphnode sample antigen that arrives parenterally.
spleen samples antigen that is Intravenous
malt samples antigen that arrives via mucosa

[source usmle immuno]

correct me if I am wrong!

 

[IMPACT]

i think ans is lymphnode , as liver is not a lymphoid organ.

lymphnode sample antigen that arrives parenterally.
spleen samples antigen that is Intravenous
malt samples antigen that arrives via mucosa

[source usmle immuno]

correct me if I am wrong!

Yeh, LN seems right for antigens entering via skin. Spleen would perhaps be the site of destruction.

 

[Kash]

Which of the following represents the complication of peptic ulcer disease that accounts for the majority of deaths?
a. bleeding
b. perforation
c. obstruction
d. Malignancy

I know the answer is among a or b. Can somebody explain me. (i think it is perforation...m not sure. & also what if question omitted deaths i.e complication of peptic ulcer .. would that be bleeding ) kind of confused !!!

 

[mrswinidm]

4. Noma (stometitis) for which? Carcinoma in situ, herpes virus, candidiasis, stomatitis....
Noma is interchangable with Cancrum oris and it is due to bacterial infection. Related with ANUG and malnutirtion. Please check the answer choices.
5. What structure causes the buccal vestibule to decrease in size when the jaw is opened wide? Condyle, corocoid, hamular or styloid process Ans. is coronoid process.

 

[enamelix]

hey guys ,

pls help me with this,

main route of calcium excretion in normal human adult

urine or feces ? explanaion pls....

 

[doc2418]

To enamelix,

Primary route of calcium excrtion is feces.( Decks says that)
and what i think is that , kidney can reabsorb or excrete calcium on the bases of action od PTH , at the same time plasma Ca level.......

correct me if iam wrong.......

 

[dentbaby]

Hi,
Most commonly bleeding is the complication of Peptic ulcer.
But when it perforates there is a tunnel like opening in the duodenum leading to very sever bleeding and the pt.dies immediately.So with normal bleeding u will get Fe deficiency anemia which is curable and also the ulcers in long run can be healed by proton pump inhibitors like Omez.
But once perforated , it is out of hands......
Hope it helps

Which of the following represents the complication of peptic ulcer disease that accounts for the majority of deaths?
a. bleeding
b. perforation
c. obstruction
d. Malignancy

I know the answer is among a or b. Can somebody explain me. (i think it is perforation...m not sure. & also what if question omitted deaths i.e complication of peptic ulcer .. would that be bleeding ) kind of confused !!!

 

[dentist usa]

gud explanation
thanks

Hi,
Most commonly bleeding is the complication of Peptic ulcer.
But when it perforates there is a tunnel like opening in the duodenum leading to very sever bleeding and the pt.dies immediately.So with normal bleeding u will get Fe deficiency anemia which is curable and also the ulcers in long run can be healed by proton pump inhibitors like Omez.
But once perforated , it is out of hands......
Hope it helps

 

[Kash]

Thanks Dentbaby.. my test is around the corner and i am freaking out. thanks for ur help.

 

[ethmoid]

..a proportionate increase in resistance of afferent and efferent

arterioles of the kidney would result in a decrease in

1.both filteration fraction and gfr

2.renal blood flow with no change in gfr

3.gfr with no change in renal blood flow

4.urine output

 

[pbkal]

..a proportionate increase in resistance of afferent and efferent

arterioles of the kidney would result in a decrease in

1.both filteration fraction and gfr

2.renal blood flow with no change in gfr -ANSWER

3.gfr with no change in renal blood flow

4.urine output

.

 

[ethmoid]

thanks pbkal

 

[ethmoid]

Starlings factor influence the exchange of fluid across the
capillary membrane in the liver differ from those of other tissue in
that
a) hydrostatisc pressure is low
b) H,P is high
c) Plasma oncotic pressure is lower
d) Interstitial fluid oncotic pressure is lower
e) Intertistial fluid oncontic pressure is higher

 

[karma77]

.Primary mandibular 1st molar has?.
. Bucal pit .
.Buccal groove ans

. .which ant is least likely to be bifurcated.???
max canine ans
max lateral
max central

.What fungus infection shows both branching filaments and hyphae.????????
candidia

which one cause hyperexitabity of nerves ?
hypoparathyroid answer ?
hyperparathyroid
. .

 

[retainer7]

which premolars might have a central pit/fossa?
options - all premolars
Ans -mand 1st and 2nd{as given in previous year papers}

mand 2nd is right but how come mand 1st. it has a central groove only.

I guess ans shd have been max 2nd and mand 2nd

PLZ help!!

 

[retainer7]

Q what is the inclination of mand post teeth?

Mesial n lingual
Distal n lingual

according to decks-distal n lingual
previous year papers-mesial n lingual
wheelers-all post teeth have a distal tilt

really confusing

plz help!!

 

[retainer7]

Q In lateral excursion on a pt with ideal occlusion, the mesial cusp ridgeof mandibular 1st premolar contacts the
- distolingual surface of max canine
-distolingual slope of buccal cusp of max 1st PM
-mesiolingual slope " " " " "

ans is 3rd ..but hw??

 

[twinklestar123]

Q what is the inclination of mand post teeth?

Mesial n lingual
Distal n lingual

according to decks-distal n lingual
previous year papers-mesial n lingual
wheelers-all post teeth have a distal tilt

really confusing

plz help!!

I think the mandibular posteriors should be mesially and lingually tilted whereas the maxillary posteriors should be distally and bucally tilted.

 

[twinklestar123]

which premolars might have a central pit/fossa?
options - all premolars
Ans -mand 1st and 2nd{as given in previous year papers}

mand 2nd is right but how come mand 1st. it has a central groove only.

I guess ans shd have been max 2nd and mand 2nd

PLZ help!!

Mandibular 2nd PM has a central pit.In Wheelers it says that the 3 cusp type has a central pit,whereas the 2 cusp type has a a central groove.

 

[retainer7]

thnx twinklestar123...but are u sure dat max post have a distal tilt.

 

[spazzingpreDMD]

Q2 Cause of periodontal disease
A. Shoveling trait in central incisor(which is that)pls mention this trait..
B. excessively long roots
C. excessively short roots
D. fused roots
E.projection

fused roots-ans

I think it's projections...as in enamel projections,
To quote my boring perio proff:
"additional enamel takes shape of enamel spurs that project into furcations of multi rooted teeth...these projections may favor the onset of periodontal lesion in the affected furcation. successful treatment of periodontal pockets caused by this anomaly requires grinding away the enamel projection, restoring normal contour and exposing underlying dentin...more likely that new attachment will succeed in eliminating the lesion..."
😱

 

[spazzingpreDMD]

Hey guys, does anyone have the 2000 papers?

 

[yokohays]

Can somebody explain to me how ACETYL CHOLINE have a negative inotropic effect on the atria and not ventricles????????

i think it has something to do with the SA node is in the atria, and vagus nerve innervates the SA node and secrete Ach. I donot know for sure

 

[priya84]

I need help with this question:

Spontaneous gingival bleeding seen in acute leukemia is most likely a result of which of the following?

1 Infection
2 Thrombocytopenia
3 Vascular fragility
4 Hypoprothrombinemia
5 Factor VII deficiency

 

[spazzingpreDMD]

I need help with this question:

Spontaneous gingival bleeding seen in acute leukemia is most likely a result of which of the following?

1 Infection
2 Thrombocytopenia
3 Vascular fragility
4 Hypoprothrombinemia
5 Factor VII deficiency

Whenever you see Leukemia, think THROMBOCYTOPENIA.

 

[priya84]

Thank you. Actually I thought so too but the answer given was vascular fragility..so maybe that was just a mistake.

 

[spazzingpreDMD]

Thank you. Actually I thought so too but the answer given was vascular fragility..so maybe that was just a mistake.

If that was someone's answer, then it's definitely a mistake. If it's given as an official answer on an asda paper, then I've got some research to do (unless it is a very old paper, they get outdated). If it's in a kaplan resource, then be careful, they make mistakes!! In general, I don't think Leukemia causes vascular fragility, it is a neoplasm that increases leukocytes not something like autoimmune or diabetes....

GL!!!

 

[priya84]

If that was someone's answer, then it's definitely a mistake. If it's given as an official answer on an asda paper, then I've got some research to do (unless it is a very old paper, they get outdated). If it's in a kaplan resource, then be careful, they make mistakes!! In general, I don't think Leukemia causes vascular fragility, it is a neoplasm that increases leukocytes not something like autoimmune or diabetes....

GL!!!

Yaa..it was someones answer. Ure right..thanks a lot!

 

[rakhi]

Could anyone help me with the angulations of teeth?i am really confused as i found different information in different sources.

what i have understood is as follows,plz correct me if i am wrong,

1)According to Okeson, In the dental arch or in relation to alveolar process, all maxillary teeth are inclined mesially, except the posterior most molars which incline slightly distally.
All mandibular anteriors and posteriors incline mesially.

[in kaplan nbde i read that max central, mand central and lateral inclne distally,i am confused with this😕]

2)Mandibular molars are inclined distally,relative to long axis of teeth[not relative to arch or alveolar bone]

3)all anterior and postertior maxillary teeth incline facially or bucally.

all anterior mandibular teeth incline facially ,but posterior teeth incline lingually[except mand first premolar which is straight]


4)in decks it is given that in a laterotrusive movement,lingual cusp of maxillary second premolar pass through facial embrasure between second pm and first molar.

i thought in laterotrusive movement maxilla move lingually with respect to mandible,so lingual cusp of maxillary second premolar should move more lingually instead of to facial embrasure,right?

It will be of great help if anyone could tell me which all are the right concepts
Thanks in advance

 

[rakhi]

Could anyone help me with the angulations of teeth?i am really confused as i found different information in different sources.

what i have understood is as follows,plz correct me if i am wrong,

1)According to Okeson, In the dental arch or in relation to alveolar process, all maxillary teeth are inclined mesially, except the posterior most molars which incline slightly distally.
All mandibular anteriors and posteriors incline mesially.

[in kaplan nbde i read that max central, mand central and lateral inclne distally,i am confused with this😕]

2)Mandibular molars are inclined distally,relative to long axis of teeth[not relative to arch or alveolar bone]

3)all anterior and postertior maxillary teeth incline facially or bucally.

all anterior mandibular teeth incline facially ,but posterior teeth incline lingually[except mand first premolar which is straight]


4)in decks it is given that in a laterotrusive movement,lingual cusp of maxillary second premolar pass through facial embrasure between second pm and first molar.

i thought in laterotrusive movement maxilla move lingually with respect to mandible,so lingual cusp of maxillary second premolar should move more lingually instead of to facial embrasure,right?

It will be of great help if anyone could tell me which all are the right concepts
Thanks in advance

could anyone help me with these questions please?

 

[ddsaspi]

could anyone help me with these questions please?

you can trust okeson blindly, as for kaplan saying that max central lateral and canine incline distally, implies the angulation of root when seen from facial aspects , yes they all do, in fact least tilt is in max central which is about 2 degrees, and angulation increase in lat and canine by 2- 3 degrees each. This is also mentioned in okeson.. the tilt decreases in premolars which are the straightest teeth in upper arch. As for molars the roots again start tilting distally, which increases as we go from 1st to third .

[Okeson says it that teeth are mesially inclined is in context to the crowns , not the roots, which are obviously inclined to the distal.]

 

[PreDent08]

Hey guys i'm having a hard time with this question. it's #399 in the 2004 pilot exam:

If the patient and dentist elect to extract Tooth #30, section of tooth will be required. The dentist should be aware of which fo the following furcations of this tooth?

B. Two-mesial and distal
C. Two-facial and lingual

I picked B, but the answer choice says C. Doesn't the mand 1st molar have a mesial and distal root? I know you should cut faciolingually through the furcation...is that what they meant?