Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[make you smile]

Hey guys i'm having a hard time with this question. it's #399 in the 2004 pilot exam:

If the patient and dentist elect to extract Tooth #30, section of tooth will be required. The dentist should be aware of which fo the following furcations of this tooth?

B. Two-mesial and distal
C. Two-facial and lingual

I picked B, but the answer choice says C. Doesn't the mand 1st molar have a mesial and distal root? I know you should cut faciolingually through the furcation...is that what they meant?

The roots are mesial and distal.The furcations are facial and ligual.Furcations are gaps between the roots of a multi-rooted tooth.Yes the tooth has to be cut facio-lingually.

 

[rakhi]

you can trust okeson blindly, as for kaplan saying that max central lateral and canine incline distally, implies the angulation of root when seen from facial aspects , yes they all do, in fact least tilt is in max central which is about 2 degrees, and angulation increase in lat and canine by 2- 3 degrees each. This is also mentioned in okeson.. the tilt decreases in premolars which are the straightest teeth in upper arch. As for molars the roots again start tilting distally, which increases as we go from 1st to third .

[Okeson says it that teeth are mesially inclined is in context to the crowns , not the roots, which are obviously inclined to the distal.]

Thanks a lot ddsaspi...thanks for explaining.Could you please look into my last question ie no:4.?in laterotrusive movement ,lingual cusp of maxillary premolar pass through ?decks say its facial embrasure,i didnt understand it....

 

[rakhi]

1) viewed from occlusal,the basic coronal outline of mandibular second premolar is???

a.square
b.circular
c.rhomboidal
d.pentagonal
e.rectangular

ans given is pentagonal

they are asking for the occlsal outline,right?so it should be square or circular right?😕

2)from facial view,where would the CEJ be Most apically positioned on crown of Primary mandibular first molar?
a)mesial one third(ans)
b)middle one third
c)distal one third
d)equally positioned in all third

i thought cej will be more or less a straight line (facially)in posterior teeth,or is there any change in Primary teeth?i thought the ans will be (d)
please help me with these questions...

 

[stomatolog27]

i am fresh graduate planning for NBDE part 1 in feb 2011 , my base is nt tht good i wanna build up good base for good score , cn u plz guide me how shall i start ?? As i dnt get off track need ur help 🙂 thnxxx in advance

 

[QST]

Where do we get the greatest osmolarity?
Inferior Vena Cava or Vasa Recta?
I am guessing Vasa Recta (loops of henle).

 

[ddsaspi]

yepp i think logically its got to have the highest osmolality, all the reabsorbed ions are in vasa recta,Loop of henle - medulla. some ppl have marked vena cava so tried looking it up, but din't find a logical explanation

 

[ddsaspi]

Thanks a lot ddsaspi...thanks for explaining.Could you please look into my last question ie no:4.?in laterotrusive movement ,lingual cusp of maxillary premolar pass through ?decks say its facial embrasure,i didnt understand it....

You are right on this, the maxi 2 pm lingual cusp goes further lingual , and not in the facial groove,( infact through the facial groove, the MB cusp of 1st molar passes). check the decks correction website as they may have corrected the statement.

 

[ibeflossin]

which of the following represents the sensory organs concerned with maintenance of skeletal muscle tonus?
(a) sarcomeres
(b) muscle spindles
(c) gamma efferents
(d) pacinian corpuscles
(e) golgi tendon organs

i know sarcomeres of the same myofibril do not generate additive force. therefore, to generate more force more muscle fibers must be recruited so i would think the answer would be muscle spindles. but sarcomeres are what holds Ca++ which binds to troponin causing actin head movement in the first place, so i am having a hard time chosing between (a) & (b). if anyone knows the answer please explain. i may just be over-thinking it. thank you!

 

[godds]

which of the following represents the sensory organs concerned with maintenance of skeletal muscle tonus?
(a) sarcomeres
(b) muscle spindles
(c) gamma efferents
(d) pacinian corpuscles
(e) golgi tendon organs

i know sarcomeres of the same myofibril do not generate additive force. therefore, to generate more force more muscle fibers must be recruited so i would think the answer would be muscle spindles. but sarcomeres are what holds Ca++ which binds to troponin causing actin head movement in the first place, so i am having a hard time chosing between (a) & (b). if anyone knows the answer please explain. i may just be over-thinking it. thank you!

I think it should be muscle spindles as it maintains the tone.
but muscle spindles are supplied by efferent - gamma.
so what you think?

 

[drdds3]

Can anyone plz answer these Qs:

What immediately covers myofibril?
a) sarcolemma
b) endomysium
c) epimysium
d) perimysium

What is the difference between cholesterol and fattyacids?

Which is the simplest spinal reflex arc?
a) knee jerk
b) flexor withdrawal reflex
c) golgi tendon reflex

What is the similarity between type 1 and type 4 hypersensitivity?

Which mandibular movement is limited by anatomical structure
a) mediotrusive
b) laterotrusive

What happens in a cell with decreased amount of citrate?
HIV positive patient, dentist needs medical consultation-
a) should ask parents consent to disclose medical history
b) should place medical alert label on the file

Patient has a bubble on deciduous molar
a) dentist should extract and place space maintainer
b) do temporary restoration
c) wait and watch for 6 months

Thanks

 

[teethie]

Can anyone plz answer these Qs:

What immediately covers myofibril?
a) sarcolemma
b) endomysium-----answer
c) epimysium
d) perimysium

Layers of muscle tissue are located as follows:

• Sarcolemma is the cell membrane that encloses each muscle cell (also known as a muscle fibre).
• Endomysium is connective tissue that wraps each individual muscle fibre.
• Perimysium is connective tissue that wraps bundles of muscle fibres - the "bundles" being known as fasicles.
• Epimysium is connective tissue that wraps the whole muscle.
• Fascia (or "deep fascia") covers the entire muscle and is located over the layer of epimysium.

 

[ddsaspi]

which of the following represents the sensory organs concerned with maintenance of skeletal muscle tonus?
(a) sarcomeres
(b) muscle spindles
(c) gamma efferents
(d) pacinian corpuscles
(e) golgi tendon organs

i know sarcomeres of the same myofibril do not generate additive force. therefore, to generate more force more muscle fibers must be recruited so i would think the answer would be muscle spindles. but sarcomeres are what holds Ca++ which binds to troponin causing actin head movement in the first place, so i am having a hard time chosing between (a) & (b). if anyone knows the answer please explain. i may just be over-thinking it. thank you!

MUSCLE SPINDLES . ANS

as muscles tone is dependent on both sensory input from muscles spindles and output from alpha motor neurons. muscle tone which is tension present in resting muscle is largely under reflex control.

reference: chap on spinal cord regulation in anat sciences in kaplan..

 

[ddsaspi]

can anyone plz answer these qs:

What immediately covers myofibril?
A) sarcolemma
b) endomysium:ans
c) epimysium
d) perimysium

what is the difference between cholesterol and fattyacids?

Fatty acids are amphipathic , are both polar and non polar, while cholesterol is aromatic, and least polar of all lipids.

Which is the simplest spinal reflex arc?
A) knee jerk
b) flexor withdrawal reflex:ans
c) golgi tendon reflex

what is the similarity between type 1 and type 4 hypersensitivity?
Both occur as a result of external antigens.


Which mandibular movement is limited by anatomical structure
a) mediotrusive- ans( medial wall of the non working side mandibular fossa)
b) laterotrusive

what happens in a cell with decreased amount of citrate?
Reduction, fa acid synthesis, and no tca cycle.


Hiv positive patient, dentist needs medical consultation-
a) should ask parents consent to disclose medical history. Ans
b) should place medical alert label on the file

patient has a bubble on deciduous molar
a) dentist should extract and place space maintainer ans. Since it is possible that there is chronic hyperplastic pulpitis.(pulp polyp)
b) do temporary restoration
c) wait and watch for 6 months

thanks

plz correct me if wrong

 

[ddsaspi]

posted by elmos]


Which is normal flora of ging. sulcus..
s.actino,
s.myco,
s. bacteriode ,
s. mutan
does anyone have the chart for supragingival and subgingival

Ans. bacteroid spp

 

[pb2007]

need help with following doubt
in decks 09-10 under biochem physio[no 94]
its says increase in grwoth hormone will not increse gluconeogenesis .i checked on wikipedia mentioning that it promotes gluconeogenesis .
also wanted to confirm if increase in growth hormone has effect on glycogenolysis

this what i found out
Metabolic Effects
Growth hormone has important effects on protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. In some cases, a direct effect of growth hormone has been clearly demonstrated, in others, IGF-I is thought to be the critical mediator, and some cases it appears that both direct and indirect effects are at play.

• Protein metabolism: In general, growth hormone stimulates protein anabolism in many tissues.</B> This effect reflects increased amino acid uptake, increased protein synthesis and decreased oxidation of proteins.
• Fat metabolism: Growth hormone enhances the utilization of fat by stimulating triglyceride breakdown and oxidation in adipocytes.
• Carbohydrate metabolism: Growth hormone is one of a battery of hormones that serves to maintain blood glucose within a normal range. Growth hormone is often said to have anti-insulin activity, because it supresses the abilities of insulin to stimulate uptake of glucose in peripheral tissues and enhance glucose synthesis in the liver. Somewhat paradoxically, administration of growth hormone stimulates insulin secretion, leading to hyperinsulinemia.Metabolic Effects Growth hormone has important effects on protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. In some cases, a direct effect of growth hormone has been clearly demonstrated, in others, IGF-I is thought to be the critical mediator, and some cases it appears that both direct and indirect effects are at play.
  • Protein metabolism: In general, growth hormone stimulates protein anabolism in many tissues.</B> This effect reflects increased amino acid uptake, increased protein synthesis and decreased oxidation of proteins.
  • Fat metabolism: Growth hormone enhances the utilization of fat by stimulating triglyceride breakdown and oxidation in adipocytes.
  • Carbohydrate metabolism: Growth hormone is one of a battery of hormones that serves to maintain blood glucose within a normal range. Growth hormone is often said to have anti-insulin activity, because it supresses the abilities of insulin to stimulate uptake of glucose in peripheral tissues and enhance glucose synthesis in the liver. Somewhat paradoxically, administration of growth hormone stimulates insulin secretion, leading to hyperinsulinemia.
• so is it wrongly given in decks ???

 

[teethie]

PB2007, we discussed this in thread "lets try........
and i am still confused.

need help with following doubt
in decks 09-10 under biochem physio[no 94]
its says increase in grwoth hormone will not increse gluconeogenesis .i checked on wikipedia mentioning that it promotes gluconeogenesis .
also wanted to confirm if increase in growth hormone has effect on glycogenolysis

this what i found out
Metabolic Effects

Growth hormone has important effects on protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. In some cases, a direct effect of growth hormone has been clearly demonstrated, in others, IGF-I is thought to be the critical mediator, and some cases it appears that both direct and indirect effects are at play.

• Protein metabolism: In general, growth hormone stimulates protein anabolism in many tissues.</B> This effect reflects increased amino acid uptake, increased protein synthesis and decreased oxidation of proteins.
• Fat metabolism: Growth hormone enhances the utilization of fat by stimulating triglyceride breakdown and oxidation in adipocytes.
• Carbohydrate metabolism: Growth hormone is one of a battery of hormones that serves to maintain blood glucose within a normal range. Growth hormone is often said to have anti-insulin activity, because it supresses the abilities of insulin to stimulate uptake of glucose in peripheral tissues and enhance glucose synthesis in the liver. Somewhat paradoxically, administration of growth hormone stimulates insulin secretion, leading to hyperinsulinemia.Metabolic Effects Growth hormone has important effects on protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. In some cases, a direct effect of growth hormone has been clearly demonstrated, in others, IGF-I is thought to be the critical mediator, and some cases it appears that both direct and indirect effects are at play.
  • Protein metabolism: In general, growth hormone stimulates protein anabolism in many tissues.</B> This effect reflects increased amino acid uptake, increased protein synthesis and decreased oxidation of proteins.
  • Fat metabolism: Growth hormone enhances the utilization of fat by stimulating triglyceride breakdown and oxidation in adipocytes.
  • Carbohydrate metabolism: Growth hormone is one of a battery of hormones that serves to maintain blood glucose within a normal range. Growth hormone is often said to have anti-insulin activity, because it supresses the abilities of insulin to stimulate uptake of glucose in peripheral tissues and enhance glucose synthesis in the liver. Somewhat paradoxically, administration of growth hormone stimulates insulin secretion, leading to hyperinsulinemia.
• so is it wrongly given in decks ???

 

[elmos]

if we have deficit in the inferior oblique muscle, we ask the patient to:
elevate the adducted eye
elevate the abducted eye.
most of student they are answering elevate the abducted eye
but from nbde first aid it's the only muscle to elevate in adducted position
so pls an answer?

 

[goodteethgirl]

can anyone please summarize/clear this up about main function of LDL?

#102 on biochem I-J, 1996- asks major function of LDL is transport ...?

answer:cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and phospholipids FROM THE LIVER

another option was cholesterol & phospholipids from peripheral tissues- is this right answer instead? first aid book (major lipoproteins chart on pg 263 of first edition) says LDL carries lipid FROM VLDL of extrahepatic tissues and carries LIPID TO LIVER

how come answer in question is from liver but first aid book says it caries cholesterol to liver? internet said "LDL -substance used to transport cholesterol from the liver to tissues throughout body." this matches up test answer but not first aid😱

HDL particles transport cholesterol back to the liver and that's why they're good cholesterol since they decrease the cholesterol in our system. So LDL is bad because it does oppposite of hdl...right?

I'm getting mixed up or book-test is wrong because it's not all matching up like it should😕....ppllleaseeee help! any help is much appreciated!! good luck to everyone still studying

 

[elmos]

Which is the simplest spinal reflex arc?
A) knee jerk
b) flexor withdrawal reflex
c) golgi tendon reflex
what about the knee jerk it's also a simple spinal reflex,

 

[asheer]

Which is the simplest spinal reflex arc?
A) knee jerk
b) flexor withdrawal reflex===polysynaptic
c) golgi tendon reflex==== disynaptic



ANS=== knee jerk reflex as it iss a monosynaptic one !!!!!!

 

[asheer]

if we have deficit in the inferior oblique muscle, we ask the patient to:
elevate the adducted eye
elevate the abducted eye.
most of student they are answering elevate the abducted eye
but from nbde first aid it's the only muscle to elevate in adducted position
so pls an answer?=======ur right


its elevate n adduct the eye cos its function is to move theeye sup n medially where as the sup oblique cos the inf and lat movmnt f eye

 

[asheer]

in DA deck no :50 its given dat the on working side movmnts

if its a right side working movmnt then the arrow swill be placed buccally

n if its a left side workin movmnt the arrows ll be placed lingually in rel to mandibular teeth movmnt

is this not not???🙄🙂🙁/ cos which ever the working side is the mandibular teeth wiill move bucally n the arrow shd poin bucally wether it s left or right😕

 

[akinin]

Please click one of the Quick Reply icons in the posts above to activate Quick Reply.

 

[rakhi]

You are right on this, the maxi 2 pm lingual cusp goes further lingual , and not in the facial groove,( infact through the facial groove, the MB cusp of 1st molar passes). check the decks correction website as they may have corrected the statement.

Thanks ddsaspi!!!🙂

 

[drdds3]

Hi ddsaspi,

Thank you sooo much. you are very helpful.

Which is the simplest spinal reflex arc?
A) knee jerk (ans)
b) flexor withdrawal reflex
c) golgi tendon reflex

Which mandibular movement is limited by anatomical structure
a) mediotrusive- ans( medial wall of the non working side mandibular fossa) Are u sure of this answer?
b) laterotrusive

 

[drdds3]

Can anyone please answer these Qs. My exam is within 10 days. i have so many uncleared Qs.

1)What lies inferior to parotid?

2) what is the significance of epidemiology of bordetella pertussis

3) what ethnicity is most likely to have cleft palate

4) what are the chances that chronic bronchitis lead to lung cancer

5) What is the superior boundary of meniscus (articular disc)?

6) what does TNF- alpha suppresses?

7) Brachial arches derive from
a) 5th cranial nerve
b) 7th cranial nerve
c) 9th cranial nerve
d) 10th cranial nerve

8) Cartilage of TMJ in child
a) hyaline
b) fibrocartilage

9) In what conditions does the pH=pKa

10) In which conditions does Km=Vmax

Please if anyone can answer these Qs that would be a great help for me
Thanks

 

[asheer]

3) what ethnicity is most likely to have cleft palate=====mostly or highst in native americans

4) what are the chances that chronic bronchitis lead to lung cancer???

5) What is the superior boundary of meniscus (articular disc)?

6) what does TNF- alpha suppresses??======The primary role of TNF is in the regulation of immune cells. TNF is able to induce apoptotic cell death, to induce inflammation, and to inhibit tumorigenesis and viral replication

7) Brachial arches derive from ????
a) 5th cranial nerve =1st
b) 7th cranial nerve=2nd
c) 9th cranial nerve=3rd
d) 10th cranial nerve=4th n 6th

8) Cartilage of TMJ in child
a) hyaline
b) fibrocartilage=====ANS????

9) In what conditions does the pH=pKa=======WEN THE CONC F THE ACID IS EQUAL TO ITS CONJUGATE BASE HA=A-

10) In which conditions does Km=Vmax????????

Please if anyone can

 

[elmos]

Can anyone please answer these Qs. My exam is within 10 days. i have so many uncleared Qs.

1)What lies inferior to parotid?

2) what is the significance of epidemiology of bordetella pertussisIn the prevaccine era pertussis epidemics followed a cyclic pattern, with peaks every 2 to 5 years.Studies of prolonged cough illnesses in adolescents and adults reveal that 13% to 20% are a result of B pertussis infection. Serologic studies suggest that the rate of B pertussis infection in adolescents and adults is

2.0%

3) what ethnicity is most likely to have cleft palate

4) what are the chances that chronic bronchitis lead to lung cancer
the chance is very high
5) What is the superior boundary of meniscus (articular disc)?
mandibular fossa
6) what does TNF- alpha suppresses?

7) Brachial arches derive from
a) 5th cranial nerve
b) 7th cranial nerve
c) 9th cranial nerve
d) 10th cranial nerve

8) Cartilage of TMJ in child
a) hyaline
b) fibrocartilagei think this is the answer too

9) In what conditions does the pH=pKa

10) In which conditions does Km=Vmax
i think it's impossible to have km=vmax
i hope this help

 

[wdent]

1)What lies inferior to parotid?-- ummmmmmmmm its kinda confusin !! whats the choices ??? caroitd artery branches !!

2) what is the significance of epidemiology of bordetella pertussis!

3) what ethnicity is most likely to have cleft palate?----latin america

4) what are the chances that chronic bronchitis lead to lung cancer!!! i would say a LOT bec. chronic bronchits (due to irritants like smokin..) so a very high percent ,how much exactly i dont know !

5) What is the superior boundary of meniscus (articular disc)?....mandibular fossa

6) what does TNF- alpha suppresses? it induces opoptosis, and one of its function is to stimulate adhesion molecules

7) Brachial arches derive from : Branchial arch IS DERIVED FRM MESDODERM AND NEURAL CREST.
a) 5th cranial nerve
b) 7th cranial nerve
c) 9th cranial nerve
d) 10th cranial nerve

8) Cartilage of TMJ in child
a) hyaline
b) fibrocartilage............. answer ///

9) In what conditions does the pH=pKa .... studies these the other day ....but have no idea !!! do u ?

10) In which conditions does Km=Vmax....km is when reaction is goin at half of the Maximum rate .... answer is NOT complete !!!


Pls correct me if iam wrong !!
What do u think ??

 

[rakhi]

hi,
what is the first branch of aorta?is it right or left coronary artery or Brachiocephalic artery?

please help me with this..

thanks

 

[elmos]

hi,
what is the first branch of aorta?is it right or left coronary artery or Brachiocephalic artery?

please help me with this..

thanks

the first branch is coronary artery but i don't know if it's left or right

 

[rakhi]

the first branch is coronary artery but i don't know if it's left or right

Thanks elmos.....🙂

 

[wdent]

First branch is brachiocepahlic...

 

[ddsaspi]

First branch is brachiocepahlic...

nah, first right and left cor arteries,, then brachicephalic

 

[ddsaspi]

Can anyone please answer these Qs. My exam is within 10 days. i have so many uncleared Qs.

1)What lies inferior to parotid? options please

2) what is the significance of epidemiology of bordetella pertussisIn the prevaccine era pertussis epidemics followed a cyclic pattern, with peaks every 2 to 5 years.Studies of prolonged cough illnesses in adolescents and adults reveal that 13% to 20% are a result of B pertussis infection. Serologic studies suggest that the rate of B pertussis infection in adolescents and adults is

2.0%

has it got to do with the bactriophage induced lysogenic transduction??


3) what ethnicity is most likely to have cleft palate -> native Americans
reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft_lip_and_palate#Prevalence_among_ethnic_groups

4) what are the chances that chronic bronchitis lead to lung cancer
actually not very high,, coz of other things like smoking, and pneumoconiasis, other than smoking related bronchitis, as it is the squamous metaplasia which kind of has more chances of getting transformed to the carcinoma.. not chronic bronchitis in general

5) What is the superior boundary of meniscus (articular disc)?
mandibular fossa

6) what does TNF- alpha suppresses?
inhibits viral replication. (released by interferons, both TNF alpha and beta)

7) Brachial arches derive from
a) 5th cranial nerve
b) 7th cranial nerve
c) 9th cranial nerve
d) 10th cranial nerve

really dint get the Qn. there should a 5th option saying all of the above i guess..

8) Cartilage of TMJ in child

a) hyaline
b) fibrocartilage.. its never hyaline so this is the answer

9) In what conditions does the pH=pKa, when a substance is 50 % acid and 50 % base

10) In which conditions does Km=Vmax
i think it's impossible to have km=vmax
i hope this help

agree as they are inversely propotional to each other.

👍all the best drdds3

 

[ddsaspi]

Hi ddsaspi,

Thank you sooo much. you are very helpful.

Which is the simplest spinal reflex arc?
A) knee jerk (ans)
b) flexor withdrawal reflex
c) golgi tendon reflex

Which mandibular movement is limited by anatomical structure
a) mediotrusive- ans( medial wall of the non working side mandibular fossa) Are u sure of this answer?
b) laterotrusive

yepp see in case of mediotrusive movement the limiting structure is the wall of mandibular fossa, and articular eminence, while the working side there isn't a limitation its the lateral TMJ ligament bringing about the tightness but isn;t really stopping it.. it is a Qn in one of the released exam you can confirm the ans there, don't remember which year though..

 

[ddsaspi]

1)What lies inferior to parotid?-- ummmmmmmmm its kinda confusin !! whats the choices ??? caroitd artery branches !!

2) what is the significance of epidemiology of bordetella pertussis!

3) what ethnicity is most likely to have cleft palate?----latin america

4) what are the chances that chronic bronchitis lead to lung cancer!!! i would say a LOT bec. chronic bronchits (due to irritants like smokin..) so a very high percent ,how much exactly i dont know !

5) What is the superior boundary of meniscus (articular disc)?....mandibular fossa

6) what does TNF- alpha suppresses? it induces opoptosis, and one of its function is to stimulate adhesion molecules

7) Brachial arches derive from : Branchial arch IS DERIVED FRM MESDODERM AND NEURAL CREST. just to clear this for you, brachial arches have all the 3 components,, ectoderm(pouches), endoderm(clefts) and mesoderm..neural crest cells do not give rise to the arch, pharyngeal arches form the upper part of foregut structures.. crest cells are ectodermally derived to form specific structures.. refer to list of neural crest derivatives..
a) 5th cranial nerve
b) 7th cranial nerve
c) 9th cranial nerve
d) 10th cranial nerve

8) Cartilage of TMJ in child
a) hyaline
b) fibrocartilage............. answer ///

9) In what conditions does the pH=pKa .... studies these the other day ....but have no idea !!! do u ?

10) In which conditions does Km=Vmax....km is when reaction is goin at half of the Maximum rate .... answer is NOT complete !!!


Pls correct me if iam wrong !!
What do u think ??

..

 

[ddsaspi]

which is the most abundant GAG..

Chondroitin sulfate
Hyaluronic acid


Kaplan says hyaluronic, lippincott, says Chondroitin, anyone with an answer.

 

[teethie]

even decks say chondroitin sulfate is the most abundant, my answer is chndrotin sulfate.

which is the most abundant GAG..

Chondroitin sulfate
Hyaluronic acid


Kaplan says hyaluronic, lippincott, says Chondroitin, anyone with an answer.

 

[teethie]

pl reply:

which is the most common skin malignancy in man?
malignant melanoma
scc
bcc
transitional cell carcinoma
sebaceous adenocarcinoma

 

[DrGSP]

which is the most abundant GAG..

Chondroitin sulfate
Hyaluronic acid


Kaplan says hyaluronic, lippincott, says Chondroitin, anyone with an answer.

Well, Decks says chondroitin sulphate is most abundant. Present in Cartilage, Bone, Heart Valves.

Hyaluronic acid is the only GAG that does'nt bind to a Protein and not sulphated. Polymers of hyaluronic acid are large and displace large amt of water, so suitable as shock absorbers (seen in synovial fluid).

 

[ibeflossin]

Well, Decks says chondroitin sulphate is most abundant. Present in Cartilage, Bone, Heart Valves.

Hyaluronic acid is the only GAG that does'nt bind to a Protein and not sulphated. Polymers of hyaluronic acid are large and displace large amt of water, so suitable as shock absorbers (seen in synovial fluid).

Chondroiton sulfate.

http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/glycans.html

 

[ibeflossin]

pl reply:

which is the most common skin malignancy in man?
malignant melanoma
scc
bcc
transitional cell carcinoma
sebaceous adenocarcinoma

most common skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma
most common malignant skin tumor: basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)

 

[teethie]

thank u sooo much, was confused with melanoma

most common skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma
most common malignant skin tumor: basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)

 

[ddsaspi]

thank u sooo much, was confused with melanoma

it is the deadliest with highest mortality. --> malignant melanoma

 

[ddsaspi]

thanks all for that reply, 🙂

 

[teethie]

right, got you. thank u 🙂

it is the deadliest with highest mortality. --> malignant melanoma

 

[teethie]

Please explain

1) when streptococci are growing on glucose as carbon and energy source in an unbuffered medium, which is likely to occur in culture medium?

1) elevated ph
2)lowered ph
3)production of gas
4) production of maltose
answer given is lowered PH BUT HOW?????

2) COMPETITIVE INHIBITON best describes the desired effects in

1)opsonization
2) phagocytosis
3) tuberculin reaction
4)allergic densensitisation
5)first set graft reaction

answer given is allergic densisitzation..but how??

one more just wanna confirm that paraneoplastic syndrome of hyperparathyroidism is related to SCC right... or oat cell carcinoma???
I THINK oat cell is related to ACTH /ADH
PL CORRECT

 

[DrGSP]

Please explain

1) when streptococci are growing on glucose as carbon and energy source in an unbuffered medium, which is likely to occur in culture medium?

1) elevated ph
2)lowered ph
3)production of gas
4) production of maltose
answer given is lowered PH BUT HOW?????
Streptococcus is facultative anaerobe and acidogenic. So cause fermentation using glucose and produce lactic acid. This decreases ph.

2) COMPETITIVE INHIBITON best describes the desired effects in

1)opsonization- antigen/antibody binding to promote phagocytosis

2) phagocytosis - follows opsonization leading to engulfing of antigen, phagosome formation, release enzymes from lysosome which react to cause cellular degradation.

3) tuberculin reaction - antigen/antibody hypersensitivity reaction.

4)allergic densensitisation - enzyme/substrate/inhibitor (drug)reaction. Inhibitor competes with substrate for the active binding site of free enzyme. Inhibits the enzymes that cause allergy and host response is desensitized.

5)first set graft reaction - antigen/antibody hypersensitivity reaction.

This is my understanding.....

answer given is allergic densisitzation..but how??

one more just wanna confirm that paraneoplastic syndrome of hyperparathyroidism is related to SCC right... or oat cell carcinoma???
I THINK oat cell is related to ACTH /ADH
Yes... Easy way to remember is:
o a t - (Small cell carcinoma) - produce ACTH/ADH

Squamous Cell Carcinome (SCC) - produce PTH like hormone.

 

[DrGSP]

Can someone pls explain:

Implantation metastasis would be likely in
carcinoma of the
a. tongue.
b. stomach.​

c. ovary.
d. skin.
e. large bowel.

1. (a), (b) and (c)​

2. (a), (d) and (e)

3. (b), (c) and (d)

4. (b), (c) and (e)​

5. (b), (d) and (e)

ans given is 4.​