Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[teethie]

🙂

]
thanks teethie.

 

[teethie]

please solve these. i found in old thread

Which premolar has a transverse ridge ?
Which premolar has a central pit
Which premolar is the hardest to work on for endotherapy
Which premolar tilts the most lingually???
As far as the pulp goes, what is the differenct between man first and second molar?
Which tooth has the greatest MD curvature?
What is the common theme in max third molars despite their variablitlty?
What stage does dej form in tooth dev
How many roots and cusp does the primary mand molar have
Which primary tooth is retained when the succ tooth is absent?
When does the sec molar begin calcifying?

 

[pb2007]

Which premolar has a transverse ridge ?........mandibular 1st has the most prominent transverse ridge amongst all premolar.
Which premolar has a central pit ............mandibular 2nd
Which premolar is the hardest to work on for endotherapy.........maxillary 1st {this is a guess,not sure}
Which premolar tilts the most lingually???.........mandibular 1st
As far as the pulp goes, what is the differenct between man first and second molar?
Which tooth has the greatest MD curvature? ...........mandibular 1st molar
What is the common theme in max third molars despite their variablitlty?.........[is it the contacts with the opposing teeth }
What stage does dej form in tooth dev....................at bell stage[see deck no 126th denatl ana ]
How many roots and cusp does the primary mand molar have
Which primary tooth is retained when the succ tooth is absent?.......maxillary canine{not sure}
When does the sec molar begin calcifying?...........at birth
[/QUOTE]

 

[butterfly22]

Calcium homeostasis is maintained by the PTH hormone.

Masticatory movement is like a drop, it is given in dental deck of dental anatomy in a figure form....u can see it in Mand-M & P

but calcitonin also helps... am i wrong?

 

[teethie]

thanks a lot pb2007.
i am adding some things(in green ), correct me if i am wrong??

Which premolar has a transverse ridge ?........mandibular 1st has the most prominent transverse ridge amongst all premolar. 👍

Which premolar has a central pit ............mandibular 2nd

Which premolar is the hardest to work on for endotherapy.........maxillary 1st {this is a guess,not sure}

Which premolar tilts the most lingually???.........mandibular 1st 👍

As far as the pulp goes, what is the differenct between man first and second molar?

Which tooth has the greatest MD curvature? ...........mandibular 1st molar👍

What is the common theme in max third molars despite their variablitlty?.........[is it the contacts with the opposing teeth }
i think u r right.

What stage does dej form in tooth dev....................at bell stage[see deck no 126th denatl ana ] 🙂👍

How many roots and cusp does the primary mand molar have
if it is first mandibular primary molar: 2roots, 2buccal cusps,1 lingual cusp.

if it is2nd primary mandibular molar, then it is 2 roots, 1 mesiobuccal cusps,1 buccal cusp,1 distobuccal cuspand 2 lingual cusps

Which primary tooth is retained when the succ tooth is absent?.......maxillary canine{not sure}
i think it is primary mandibular second molar becuase permanent mandibular second premolar is the most common missing tooth. so primary tooth is retained and not shedding due to lack of succedaneous tooth.

When does the sec molar begin calcifying?...........at birth

no pb2007, it is only permanent1st molar that calcifies at birth.
question is about second molar though it doe s not mention primary or permanent,but if it is permanent second molar ,then calcification is at 2.5-3yrs.

[/QUOTE]

 

[teethie]

on a regular basis, it is PTH and Vit D not CALCITONIN.

but calcitonin also helps... am i wrong?

 

[pb2007]

thnks for the corrections teethie.sorry i misread the last ques,need to read things more carefully nxt time.
do u kno the sequence of congenitally missing teeth ,i read it sumwhere long time bak but cant find it now .

 

[FourthMolar]

on a regular basis, it is PTH and Vit D not CALCITONIN.

This is correct. Calcitonin is important during bone development/ growth, but in the adult PTH is the major regulator of Ca+2 homeostasis.

 

[teethie]

i remember like:3rd molar then mand premolar then max lateral incisor

you can find it in oral pathology book.

thnks for the corrections teethie.sorry i misread the last ques,need to read things more carefully nxt time.
do u kno the sequence of congenitally missing teeth ,i read it sumwhere long time bak but cant find it now .

 

[Cindrella]

Where are the corrections for the 06-07 decks? does anyone have it. on the decks website they have the 2009 edition corrections.

In the meantime, can someone tell me what should be the answer here? i think decks is wrong. in dental anatomy:

During a working side movement of the mandible, the oblique ridge of a maxillary first molar passes through which sulcus of a permanent mandibular first molar?
mesionbuccal sulcus
distobuccal sulcus
mesiolingual sulcus
distolingual sulcus

The answer given in decks is:
"Distobuccal sulcus
Remember:
1. in the intercuspal position th emesiobuccal triangular ridge of the max 1st molar opposes the mesiobuccal groove of the mandib first molar.

2. in a working side movement, the MB cusp of the max 1st molar passes through the lingual groove of the mandib 1st molar

3. in a working side movement, the MB cusp of the MAX 2ND MOLAR passes through the facial groove of the mandib 2nd molar."

I don't get why distobuccal sulcus it the answer and I don't get number 3.

 

[Cindrella]

Can someone please clarify the Mesial cusp ridge length and the distal cusp ridge length for Maxilary & Mandibular Canine, 1st PM , 2nd PM ..thankuuuu
my exam date is nearing 🙁 😱

 

[Cindrella]

Which one is the greatest " enigma to the endodontist " ..
1)Maxillary 1st PM due to mesial concavity or
2)Mandibular 1st PM due to its lingual tilt of the crown.
😕

 

[Cindrella]

The mandibular 1st Molar -- MB cup is largest and widest & Distal cusp is smallest.

Maxillary 1st Molar -- ML is largest & DL is smallest

TRUE ?!! 😕

 

[pb2007]

Can someone please clarify the Mesial cusp ridge length and the distal cusp ridge length for Maxilary & Mandibular Canine, 1st PM , 2nd PM ..thankuuuu
my exam date is nearing 🙁 😱

only maxillary first premolar and primary maxillary canine have their mesial cusp slope larger than distal .rest all others Have distal cusp slope longer so these two are exception.

 

[pb2007]

The mandibular 1st Molar -- MB cup is largest and widest & Distal cusp is smallest.

Maxillary 1st Molar -- ML is largest & DL is smallest

TRUE ?!! 😕

what u wrote is correct jst wana add sum more
ML is tallest for mandibular 1st molar and as u said MB is largest .it is acharactiristic feature of mandibular molars to hav flatter buccal cusps.

max 1st molar .....ML is largest n tallest

 

[pb2007]

Which one is the greatest " enigma to the endodontist " ..
1)Maxillary 1st PM due to mesial concavity or
2)Mandibular 1st PM due to its lingual tilt of the crown.
😕

http://www.jendodon.com/article/S0099-2399(85)80205-3/abstract
according to this link lingual groove seems to be the answer so basically concavity on root is enigma for endodontics so i think max 1st premolar is the rite pick.

 

[wdent]

Hey!
Quick question ! When we r increasin the vertical overlap does this mean we r increasing canine guidance! !!! can some one clear this doubt !!

 

[bratdoc]

Hey!
Quick question ! When we r increasin the vertical overlap does this mean we r increasing canine guidance! !!! can some one clear this doubt !!

In canine guidance the canines will guide the lateral protrusive movement and disocclude all other teeth and guide the teeth back into occlusion... If there is a increased vertical overlap, there will also be an increase in the amount of disengagement required.. So i think The canine guidance will have to work more to disocclude the teeth...
Correct me if im wrong!!

 

[bratdoc]

In canine guidance the canines will guide the lateral protrusive movement and disocclude all other teeth and guide the teeth back into occlusion... If there is a increased vertical overlap, there will also be an increase in the amount of disengagement required.. So i think The canine guidance will have to work more to disocclude the teeth...
Correct me if im wrong!!

this is just what i think... havent found any text for this relationship... so if u do find one lemme know!!

 

[butterfly22]

thank u!

 

[wdent]

this is just what i think... havent found any text for this relationship... so if u do find one lemme know!!

thanks for ur reply!
i wana know how can we increase canine guidance and how can we decrease it ...!

 

[bratdoc]

I think by Decreasing the vertical overlap the canine guidance is decreased .... like in an open bite one may not have a canine guidance........
here is what wiki has to say

The anterior teeth protect the posterior teeth by providing for a plane of guidance during excursions, thus allowing the cusps of the posterior teeth to disclude rather than strike one another during lateral or protrusive movements from centric relation. In other words, the posterior teeth have much larger crowns and many more cusps than the anterior teeth. Because posterior crowns are so much wider and possess cuspal projections in various configurations, the cusps of the maxillary teeth and those of the mandibular teeth have an opportunity to bang into each other during chewing, speech or simply meeting together when one bites down. To prevent this from happening, the anterior teeth of each arch will, ideally, be situated so as to come into contact before the cusps of the posterior teeth do, thus averting such a situation.

 

[wdent]

Thanks bratdoc ..
So a summary
We can simply increase canine guidance by increase in vertical overlap and
We can simply decrease canine guidance by decreasing in the vertical overlap!

Thanks

 

[bratdoc]

Wdent when is your exam?

 

[deck]

hey good one pb2007🙂

http://cueflash.com/decks/ANDY'S_MNEMONICS

Thanks for the sharing!!!😍

 

[deck]

Thanks bratdoc ..
So a summary
We can simply increase canine guidance by increase in vertical overlap and
We can simply decrease canine guidance by decreasing in the vertical overlap!

Thanks

sorry I do not get this....
If canine guidance is cusp to cusp occlusion, there should be no overlap, right?? Or I am not clearly under the definition of vertical overlap...>< Thanks a lot

 

[deck]

Which primary tooth is retained when the succ tooth is absent?.......maxillary canine{not sure}
i think it is primary mandibular second molar becuase permanent mandibular second premolar is the most common missing tooth. so primary tooth is retained and not shedding due to lack of succedaneous tooth.

Which primary tooth is retained when the succ tooth is absent?.......maxillary canine{not sure} Does the question ask " its succedeus tooth?? Because molar is not part of succedeous tooth.... Thanks

 

[deck]

How many roots and cusp does the primary mand molar have
if it is first mandibular primary molar: 2roots, 2buccal cusps,1 lingual cusp.

According to first aid, it showed that primary mand molar has 4 cups...😕

which one is right??

 

[teethie]

,premolar is a succedaneous tooth so if premolar is absent then primary teeth retained will be primary second molar.
hope you got it.

Which primary tooth is retained when the succ tooth is absent?.......maxillary canine{not sure} Does the question ask " its succedeus tooth?? Because molar is not part of succedeous tooth.... Thanks

 

[teethie]

hey deck, thanks for correcting me,🙂 my typo error, i corrected my post there. no molar has one lingual cusp.

How many roots and cusp does the primary mand molar have
if it is first mandibular primary molar: 2roots, 2buccal cusps,1 lingual cusp.

According to first aid, it showed that primary mand molar has 4 cups...😕

which one is right??

 

[elmos]

what about the lateral incisor isn't the one that have is missing and primary lateral incisor stays, because clinically that's what we see usually?
can i know teethie from where did u get that 2nd premolar mand has a higher percentage than permanente lateral incisor pls?

 

[teethie]

elmos, i have answered this question based on my clinical knowledge as which primary tooth is most retained.. As far as percentage is concerned you might be right that max lateral is the most missing tooth than second premolar.

but do you see deciduous max lateral incisor as retained tooth clinically. I have seen clinically permanent max lateral incisor completely missing but there is no retained deciduous lateral incisor. and space is completely filled by grwoing arch.

as far as mand second premolar is concerned, i have seen retained deciduous molars with no radiographic presence of premolars at all.

i am still open to corrections.

wdent, pb2007 please share your inputs.

what about the lateral incisor isn't the one that have is missing and primary lateral incisor stays, because clinically that's what we see usually?
can i know teethie from where did u get that 2nd premolar mand has a higher percentage than permanente lateral incisor pls?

 

[wdent]

Agree with Elmos..
Ive seen some cases (In Maxilla )where the primary lat.incisor is still in place(i mean fully erupted) ,,and while doin an x-ray it looks like that the permanent bud of lat. incisor is missing (anadontia)
Pls correct me if iam wrong !!

What do u guys think !!!!! thats from my own experince back home...

 

[pb2007]

hi teethie,
i was lukin through shafers under anodontia they hav mentioned 3rd molars to be most commonly missing but htere is another study that mention missing maxillary laterals or mandibular second premolars are commonly missing .often bilaterally .
but nowhere i read a clear distinction of max or mandibular being more .

 

[teethie]

THANK YOU WDENT, PB 2007 AND ELMOS.
I agree
let us see if we have this ques in exam and what choices we get there...

 

[Cindrella]

Thanks pb2007 for clarifications 🙂

Q. Dentinal tubules
a- anastomose
b- are directly surrounded by intertubular dentin
c-are not found in true denticles
d- form enamel tufts
e- are channels for blood vessels
🙁

 

[ddsaspi]

Agree with Elmos..
Ive seen some cases (In Maxilla )where the primary lat.incisor is still in place(i mean fully erupted) ,,and while doin an x-ray it looks like that the permanent bud of lat. incisor is missing (anadontia)
Pls correct me if iam wrong !!

What do u guys think !!!!! thats from my own experince back home...

Guys this is with regards to the above discussion, i am giving this input based on some notes passed on from university of houston.

Most Common missing teeth--> 3rd molars
II most common --> Mandibular 2nd premolars
III most common --> Maxillary 2nd molars
IV most common --> Maxillary laterals.

( from wherever else I haveread Maxillary laterals are second most anomolous after III molars but haven't really found anywhere mentioned that they are second Most CO missing.) so I use the above chart mostly. Depends on what choices you get in exam, if we get II premolar and maxillary lateral both then then premolar would be a better choice. 👍

 

[pb2007]

Thanks pb2007 for clarifications 🙂

Q. Dentinal tubules
a- anastomose
b- are directly surrounded by intertubular dentin
c-are not found in true denticles
d- form enamel tufts
e- are channels for blood vessels
🙁

i think 1st choice is the answer ,was thinkin abt 2nd one but peritubular dentin is the one that immediatly surrounds the dentinal tubules so forms the walls of the tubules while intertubular is located between the dentinal tubules or more specifically between zones of peritubular so i guess this doent make correct choice .
http://www.sciencedirect.com/scienc...serid=10&md5=e72a4412fba12f49fbe7b6964e939119
this artical supports 1st choice.

plz correct if answer seems inappropriate.

 

[wdent]

question pls !
What drains the mand. 2nd molar ? is it submandibular lymphnodes
what about maxillary 3rd molar ? is it too submand.lymph node !!!!!

 

[pb2007]

question pls !
What drains the mand. 2nd molar ? is it submandibular lymphnodes
what about maxillary 3rd molar ? is it too submand.lymph node !!!!!

all mandibular and maxillary teeth are drained by submandibular lymph nodes except mandibular central incisors which r drained by submental lymph nodes. read deck no 4th for anatomy.it clearly mentions which ares of head n neck r drained by which lymph nodes.
another point submandibular lymph nodes finally drain into deep lymph nodes .

 

[teethie]

oh I am soo glad ddsaspi, i was waiting so long to hear your inputs on some of these questions but then i did not want to say it on sdn as i respect your privacy of remanining passive for a while. i hope you are done with your exam and wish you all the best for results.The kind of info you have always put on sdn shows your deep knowledge of the subject.

also thank you for this reference. kept me occupied for one day...

Guys this is with regards to the above discussion, i am giving this input based on some notes passed on from university of houston.

Most Common missing teeth--> 3rd molars
II most common --> Mandibular 2nd premolars
III most common --> Maxillary 2nd molars
IV most common --> Maxillary laterals.

( from wherever else I haveread Maxillary laterals are second most anomolous after III molars but haven't really found anywhere mentioned that they are second Most CO missing.) so I use the above chart mostly. Depends on what choices you get in exam, if we get II premolar and maxillary lateral both then then premolar would be a better choice. 👍

 

[teethie]

Canine guidance is vertical overlap of canines, not cusp to cusp always.

sorry i do not get this....
If canine guidance is cusp to cusp occlusion, there should be no overlap, right?? Or i am not clearly under the definition of vertical overlap...>< thanks a lot

 

[wdent]

Thanks pb2007

 

[32Pearl]

Hi,

Can anyone pls tell me TMJ Condyle is ..
1) primary cartilage
2) secondary cartilage

Thanks a lot!

 

[teethie]

👍

all mandibular and maxillary teeth are drained by submandibular lymph nodes except mandibular central incisors which r drained by submental lymph nodes. read deck no 4th for anatomy.it clearly mentions which ares of head n neck r drained by which lymph nodes.
another point submandibular lymph nodes finally drain into deep lymph nodes .

 

[teethie]

hi

Hi,

Can anyone pls tell me TMJ Condyle is ..
1) primary cartilage
2) secondary cartilage--------------------🙂

Thanks a lot!

 

[elmos]

SECOND MOST COMMONLY MISSING TEETH The permanent maxillary lateral incisors are the next most commonly missing teeth (Fig. ... THIRD MOST COMMONLY MISSING TEETH The mandibular second premolars are the third most frequently missing ...
Woelfel's dental anatomy: its relevance to dentistry
does anyone has this book?
i think it's maxillary lateral incisor

 

[teethie]

👍thanks elmos a lot. i got the link here.

http://books.google.com/books?id=1Q...q=most lateral incisor missing teeth&f=false

SECOND MOST COMMONLY MISSING TEETH The permanent maxillary lateral incisors are the next most commonly missing teeth (Fig. ... THIRD MOST COMMONLY MISSING TEETH The mandibular second premolars are the third most frequently missing ...
Woelfel's dental anatomy: its relevance to dentistry
does anyone has this book?
i think it's maxillary lateral incisor

 

[elmos]

i think 1st choice is the answer ,was thinkin abt 2nd one but peritubular dentin is the one that immediatly surrounds the dentinal tubules so forms the walls of the tubules while intertubular is located between the dentinal tubules or more specifically between zones of peritubular so i guess this doent make correct choice .
http://www.sciencedirect.com/scienc...serid=10&md5=e72a4412fba12f49fbe7b6964e939119
this artical supports 1st choice.

plz correct if answer seems inappropriate.

i think the answer is surrounded by the intertubular dentin, cause peritubular surround directly the odontoblastic process so inside the dentinal tubule it's kaplan so correct me if i'm wrong

 

[pb2007]

i think the answer is surrounded by the intertubular dentin, cause peritubular surround directly the odontoblastic process so inside the dentinal tubule it's kaplan so correct me if i'm wrong

thnks elmos,ur answer seems rite .
another doubt ,can anyone explain how peptic ulcers are related to high calcium .basically how primary hyperparathyroidism causes duodenal ulcers??