Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[teethie]

yes, agree with you.

Efferent limb of masseteric reflex cell bodies lies where......
is it motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
plz confirm.

 

[asheer]

i think dats correct cos see the maxillary canine if articulates ill do wid a counterparts distal aspect and the tooth distal to it so in case of protrusive movements or in use of canine always the contact bw the maxillar canine ll be wid the distal cusp ridge and there ll be increased attrition on dat side so it might be the reason !!!!!🙂 🙄 correct me if am wrong hope this helps👍

 

[asheer]

Originally Posted by pb2007
Efferent limb of masseteric reflex cell bodies lies where......
is it motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
plz confirm.


ya this is correct cos the afferents fr the masseteric or jaw jerk reflex is carried to the mesensephalic nucleus n the eeferents frm there synapse monosynaptically wid the motor neurons f motor nucleus and thus efferent response goes fr the motor nucleus 🙂

 

[pb2007]

thanks asheer n teethie for confirming the answer.

 

[docveda]

Hey Guys,

So i was reviewing some DA and shapes of teeth from different angles and i thought id put up this list as it might be helpful.

Facial and lingual of all molars and incisors: trapedozial
Facial and lingual of all premolars and canines: Pentagonal
Mesial and Lingual of all posterior teeth: Rhombodial(i wanted to confirm this with someone)
Occusal of Mand Molars: Rectangular
Occlusal of Max Molars: Rhomboidal
Occlusal of all Premolars: Pentagonal??

If someone can confirm the Mesial and Distal of posteriors and Occlusals of all premolars that would be great!!!

Thanks and Happy Studying!!! 🙂

 

[teethie]

I agree with asheer, also to add that sweat, salivary and mammary glands have myoepithelial cells.

the ans fr that qstn wud be === EXOCRINE cos only the mammary glands the apocrine
the sebaceous r holocrine n
the sweat n salivary glands r merocrine or eccrine !!!!!
but remember
the axillary sweat g are apocrine🙂

Salivary, sweat, sebaceous, and mammary glands all have what in common?
a.Exocrine

b.Endocrine

c.Apocrine................answer !!! is that true !!!!

d.Halocrine

 

[elmos]

major complications of duodenal peptic ulcer include
ans stenosis & perforation.
can anyone pls explain how stenosis?

 

[teethie]

elmos check this out.

http://www.mydr.com.au/gastrointestinal-health/peptic-ulcer-complications
hope it helps.

major complications of duodenal peptic ulcer include
ans stenosis & perforation.
can anyone pls explain how stenosis?

 

[elmos]

thks a lot teethie

 

[teethie]

pl help WITH EXPLANATION


What is the biological significance of the extensive degeneracy of the genetic code?

A. Alters the amino acid sequence of proteins encoded by the DNA​

B. Minimizes the deleterious effect of mutations

C. Maximizes the beneficial effect of mutations​

D. Increases chain termination

E. Leads to active proteins​

if anticodon is 5 ACG3 THEN WHAT IS CORRESPONDING CODON ON mRNA?
A. 5CGT3
B. 5CGU3
C. 5TGC3
D. 5UAG3
E. 5UGC3​

 

[asheer]

A. Alters the amino acid sequence of proteins encoded by the DNA​

B. Minimizes the deleterious effect of mutations====ANS

C. Maximizes the beneficial effect of mutation​

D. Increases chain termination


n ans fr the 2nd one is 5CGU3 cos this is complementary

n for degeneracy explanation look fr the degeneracy of genetic code in wikipedia its clearly gven to explain its a lil long !!!!!!!!!!🙂 actually degenarecy means different codons coding fr the same amino acid !!!! like max of 4 diffrnt codons can code fr the same amino acid isoluecine etc so mutayion in these can still roduce the same amino acid n aa like methionine hav only one codon codin fr them so mutations can easily eeffect em!👍

 

[teethie]

thank u asheer, for ur explanations🙂

 

[teethie]

What is the cause of trisomy 21?
a. meiosis non disjunction
b. translocation

kaplan says translocation, other books say non disjunction.

anyone can please clear this?? which one to choose?

 

[wdent]

What is the cause of trisomy 21?
a. meiosis non disjunction ....answer
b. translocation

kaplan says translocation, other books say non disjunction.

anyone can please clear this?? which one to choose?

Why Nondisjunction ? -- becz failor of one or more pairs of homologus to seperate during Meisosis.

Pls correct me if iam wrong !!!



Have a very simple questions its kinda silly but tricky ,what all teeth have in common? can we say that all teeth have RIDGES in common since its a projection from enamel !! or all teeth have mesial and distal marginal teeth !!!
thanks!

 

[teethie]

thank u wdent

for ur question, i would say, mesial and distal marginal ridge are common..

Why Nondisjunction ? -- becz failor of one or more pairs of homologus to seperate during Meisosis.

Pls correct me if iam wrong !!!



Have a very simple questions its kinda silly but tricky ,what all teeth have in common? can we say that all teeth have RIDGES in common since its a projection from enamel !! or all teeth have mesial and distal marginal teeth !!!
thanks!

 

[deck]

Following prophylactic administration of amoxicillin, a patient becomes hypotensive and itchy and is having difficulty breathing. Which of the following is MOST probably occurring?

1. CD4 Iymphocytes are secreting Iymphokines resulting in edema.
2. Amoxicillin reacts with IgE and activates cytotoxic T cells to release Iymphokines.
3. IgG and complement are inducing the chemotaxis of neutrophils out of vessels.
4. IgE bound to antigen results in histamine release from mast cells

answer is B....is it wrong?????? Why is not D???? Plz help me +Thanks a lot😍

 

[deck]

What is the cause of trisomy 21?
a. meiosis non disjunction
b. translocation

kaplan says translocation, other books say non disjunction.

anyone can please clear this?? which one to choose?

I think it's translocation for Down's syndrome for chromosome(14-->21), and hope this help!

 

[deck]

Can some one correct this pls :

after attrition incisal outline of mandibular canine normally exhibits
a. longer mesiolingual slope than distoincisal slope-answer?
b.longer distoincisal slope
c.mesio and distoincisal slopes of same lenght
d. straight line with no slopes
e. cusp tip offset to distal
what do u think ,dont u think this answer is wrong !!!!!

I will choose d....><, could anyone explain why the answer is a?? Thank u!!!

 

[deck]

The OLDEST enamel in a fully erupted first molar is located at the cervix of the tooth.

1. oral surface of a cusp.
2. mesial and distal surfaces of the tooth.
3. dentinoenamel junction underlying a cusp.
4. dentinoenamel junction underlying a fissure.

But I remember on deck said oldest enamel under a cusp or cingulum...Plz correct me if u think I am wrong.

 

[asheer]

ur r correct its the DEJ BELOW THE CUSP TIP🙂

 

[pb2007]

need help with this ques .its ques 22 from 1986 released exm
ideal position and height of lingual cusps of mandibular 1st molar accomodates which of the following
1 centric relation
2.workin movement
3protrusive position
4 non workin movement
5maximum intercuspation.

why the answer choice is 2 nd why not 5th

another doubt frm same exm ,ques no 33
1 yr old child is expected to have erupted which of primary maxillary and mandibular teeth
1incisors and canines
2incisors and first molar
3central incisors and canines
4 mandibular central n lateral and maxillary centrals.
i though choice 4th was most appropriate but it say answer 2nd is correct .

 

[pb2007]

The OLDEST enamel in a fully erupted first molar is located at the cervix of the tooth.

1. oral surface of a cusp.
2. mesial and distal surfaces of the tooth.
3. dentinoenamel junction underlying a cusp.
4. dentinoenamel junction underlying a fissure.

But I remember on deck said oldest enamel under a cusp or cingulum...Plz correct me if u think I am wrong.

hi deck
is choice 4th the correct answer ,shouldn't it be 3rd .didnt find any relevant stuff mentioning relation of presence of fissure to oldest enamel anywhere

 

[elmos]

i found a question on other thread it says:
starlings factor influencing the exchange of fluids across the capillary membrane in the liver differ from those of other tissues in that
hydrostatic pressure is higher
hydrostatic pressure is lower
plasma oncotic pressure is lower
interstitial fluid oncotic pressure is higher
'' '' '' lower
can anyone know this pls.

 

[drdds3]

Plz answer these Qs:

which of the following is originated from the ectomesenchyme?
a) stellate reticulum
b) Inner enamel epithelium
c) outer enamel epithelium
d) Dental papilla

Adenohypophysis secrete which hormone?
a) prolactin
b) Growth hormone (Both options r given)

Which of the following vitamin is not needed in tooth development?
a) Vit A
b) B12
c) vit E
d) Vit c
e) Vit D

What does stapedectomy improves?
a) basilar membrane association
b) semicircular canal endolymph movement
c) Tectomembrane vibration
d) Cell deformation

 

[pb2007]

Plz answer these Qs:

which of the following is originated from the ectomesenchyme?
a) stellate reticulum
b) Inner enamel epithelium
c) outer enamel epithelium
d) Dental papilla.............answer

Adenohypophysis secrete which hormone?
a) prolactin
b) Growth hormone (Both options r given)

Which of the following vitamin is not needed in tooth development?
a) Vit A
b) B12................answer
c) vit E
d) Vit c
e) Vit D

What does stapedectomy improves?
a) basilar membrane association
b) semicircular canal endolymph movement............answer
c) Tectomembrane vibration
d) Cell deformation

plz correct if wrong

 

[teethie]

hi,

Plz answer these Qs:

which of the following is originated from the ectomesenchyme?
a) stellate reticulum
b) Inner enamel epithelium
c) outer enamel epithelium
d) Dental papilla---------------answer

Adenohypophysis secrete which hormone?
a) prolactin
b) Growth hormone (Both options r given)
both choices are right.

Which of the following vitamin is not needed in tooth development?
a) Vit A
b) B12---------------answer
c) vit E
d) Vit c
e) Vit D

correct m e fi iam wrong.

 

[teethie]

elmos, looked for this and spent a lot of time but could not find anything, but will definitely post once get to the answer.

i found a question on other thread it says:
starlings factor influencing the exchange of fluids across the capillary membrane in the liver differ from those of other tissues in that
hydrostatic pressure is higher
hydrostatic pressure is lower
plasma oncotic pressure is lower
interstitial fluid oncotic pressure is higher
'' '' '' lower
can anyone know this pls.

 

[wdent]

Hey guys!
these 2 Q.from the other thread http://forums.studentdoctor.net/showthread.php?t=595036&highlight=pbkal&page=3 .. need some answers pls !


Which amino acid possess a hydrophobic side chain ?
A) Lysine
B) Cysteine
C) Leucine......answer
D) Hydroxyproline
E) Glycine.............

Seratonin is a substance released by blood platelets which is capable of
a)increasing peripheral vascular resistance.........answer !!!
b)increasing cardiac output
c)increasing venous return
d)both b and c.


pls correct me !

 

[teethie]

hi,

Hey guys!
these 2 Q.from the other thread http://forums.studentdoctor.net/showthread.php?t=595036&highlight=pbkal&page=3 .. need some answers pls !


Which amino acid possess a hydrophobic side chain ?
A) Lysine
B) Cysteine
C) Leucine......answer-----right👍
D) Hydroxyproline
E) Glycine

Seratonin is a substance released by blood platelets which is capable of
a)increasing peripheral vascular resistance.........!!!-
-it can only act as a local vasoconstrictor.

b)increasing cardiac output
c)increasing venous return
d)both b and c.--------------------correct me if i am wrong.


pls correct me !

 

[pb2007]

need help with this ques .its ques 22 from 1986 released exm
ideal position and height of lingual cusps of mandibular 1st molar accomodates which of the following
1 centric relation
2.workin movement
3protrusive position
4 non workin movement
5maximum intercuspation.

why the answer choice is 2 nd why not 5th

another doubt frm same exm ,ques no 33
1 yr old child is expected to have erupted which of primary maxillary and mandibular teeth
1incisors and canines
2incisors and first molar
3central incisors and canines
4 mandibular central n lateral and maxillary centrals.
i though choice 4th was most appropriate but it say answer 2nd is correct .

can anybody plz provide reason for these two ques ???

 

[wdent]

thanks teethie

 

[teethie]

hi,
1 yr old child is expected to have erupted which of primary maxillary and mandibular teeth
1incisors and canines
2incisors and first molar
3central incisors and canines
4 mandibular central n lateral and maxillary centrals.
i though choice 4th was most appropriate but it say answer 2nd is correct .

answer 2 is correct because there is for sure first molar in a 12 month old child and option 4 th is not including molars and max lateral incisor which are present in 1 yr old.

ideal position and height of lingual cusps of mandibular 1st molar accomodates which of the following
1 centric relation
2.workin movement
3protrusive position
4 non workin movement
5maximum intercuspation.

answer can not be 5. In maximum intercupation, it is maxilllary lingual cusp occluding in central groove of mandibular molar. Mandibular 1st molar lingual cusp remains lingual to max lingual cusps.


hope it is clear.

can anybody plz provide reason for these two ques ???

 

[pb2007]

hi,
1 yr old child is expected to have erupted which of primary maxillary and mandibular teeth
1incisors and canines
2incisors and first molar
3central incisors and canines
4 mandibular central n lateral and maxillary centrals.
i though choice 4th was most appropriate but it say answer 2nd is correct .

answer 2 is correct because there is for sure first molar in a 12 month old child and option 4 th is not including molars and max lateral incisor which are present in 1 yr old.

ideal position and height of lingual cusps of mandibular 1st molar accomodates which of the following
1 centric relation
2.workin movement
3protrusive position
4 non workin movement
5maximum intercuspation.

answer can not be 5. In maximum intercupation, it is maxilllary lingual cusp occluding in central groove of mandibular molar. Mandibular 1st molar lingual cusp remains lingual to max lingual cusps.


hope it is clear.

thanks for answering my ques teethie but i still have doubts abt 1st ques,according to eruption chart in wheelers the mean eruption ages is around 16 months for primary molars or say it falls between 14-18 months ,so its confusing , how can a 1 yr old child can hav erupted molars .am i following wrong eruption sequence.

 

[elmos]

hi,

teethie i think that serotonin also cause increase in total peripheral resistance, cause constriction of large vesssel in addition to the other

 

[teethie]

my reference is from Mac Donald pediatric dentistry.

i read what you wrote in wheelers but if you continue reading it, it also says max molar erupts first than man molar and in wheeler it is referring diagram 2.1 which says opposite story. look at that picture under deciduous dentition of 1 year, they show mand 1 st molar is erupted and with incisors and max molar follows it.
so it is a contradicting statement in wheelers. i dont know how reliable it can be.

thanks for answering my ques teethie but i still have doubts abt 1st ques,according to eruption chart in wheelers the mean eruption ages is around 16 months for primary molars or say it falls between 14-18 months ,so its confusing , how can a 1 yr old child can hav erupted molars .am i following wrong eruption sequence.

 

[teethie]

can you please paste your source. i read this one and i am pasting it below which did not make me think that it is a vasoconstrictor completely.

http://www.pharmacorama.com/en/Sections/Serotonin_2_2.php

what do u say?

teethie i think that serotonin also cause increase in total peripheral resistance, cause constriction of large vesssel in addition to the other

 

[pb2007]

my reference is from Mac Donald pediatric dentistry.

i read what you wrote in wheelers but if you continue reading it, it also says max molar erupts first than man molar and in wheeler it is referring diagram 2.1 which says opposite story. look at that picture under deciduous dentition of 1 year, they show mand 1 st molar is erupted and with incisors and max molar follows it.
so it is a contradicting statement in wheelers. i dont know how reliable it can be.

thnks teethie .jst didnt pay attention to that diagram in wheelers,i think i'l go with released answer.

 

[elmos]

http://books.google.com/books?id=m3...ge&q=serotonin, peripheral resistance&f=false
this from where i got this.
it's google books.

 

[elmos]

elmos, looked for this and spent a lot of time but could not find anything, but will definitely post once get to the answer.

thanks teethie i think i found it it's plasma oncotic pressure low
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/410511_4

 

[pb2007]

which anterior tooth has tallest crown .deck no 142 mentions maxillary central as tallest but i remember reading sumwhere its mandibular canine with tallest anterior crown.
sumone plz confirm ..

 

[teethie]

thanks elmos, then what is the answer because your reference is also showing that there is increase on cardiac output.

http://books.google.com/books?id=m3...ge&q=serotonin, peripheral resistance&f=false
this from where i got this.
it's google books.

 

[teethie]

could not open this link, it requires log in??

thanks teethie i think i found it it's plasma oncotic pressure low
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/410511_4

 

[elmos]

this is the article , teethie , and give me your answer.
In the normal liver, the hepatic sinusoid is a low-pressure venous bed and is freely permeable to albumin; thus, no transsinusoidal oncotic pressure is generated within the sinusoidal space.[1,18-21] With the progression to cirrhosis, the hepatic sinusoids become "capillarized" when basement membrane material is laid down.[22] This basement membrane reduces the sinusoidal permeability; thus, an oncotic pressure gradient can develop between Disse's space and the sinusoidal lumen. As the oncotic pressure gradient increases, it balances the increasing hydrostatic pressure gradient and thus decreases the production of hepatic lymph. Alternatively, inflammatory conditions such as peritonitis decrease diaphragmatic absorption of ascitic fluid.

 

[teethie]

read ur article, agree elmos,well done!!👍

what about the other one.. serotonin. question???

thanks teethie i think i found it it's plasma oncotic pressure low

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/410511_4

 

[Svetlana]

Q : Which of the following would occur in a skeletal muscle if a patient had a defect in the sarcoplasmic reticulum resulting in a reduced of the activity Ca" pump?
Answer:No muscle force reduction but relaxation of muscle is slowed.

Can somebody explain WHY???

Im so confused with all things concerning muscle contraction ...

 

[Svetlana]

Q:The perm.tooth that is MOST frequently impacted is:
1.mand.canine
2.max.canine
3.mand.2nd premolar
4.max.lateral incisor
5.mand.lat.incicor

My opinion on this Q and the right answer are different...
Explain please!

 

[Svetlana]

What do you guys think about it?

"B cell receptors have 2 'arms' while T cell rec. only 1"

Its true,but i do NOT UNDERSTAND WHY!!!

 

[Svetlana]

Hi folks!
Do you know some mnemonics may be to remember all interleukins(IL) and their functions?
It is such a challenge...

 

[pb2007]

Hi folks!
Do you know some mnemonics may be to remember all interleukins(IL) and their functions?
It is such a challenge...

http://cueflash.com/decks/ANDY'S_MNEMONICS
Functions of interleukins "Few T Bones Eaten At Arbys Need Seasoning Nowadays"
IL 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12
1 - Fever
2 - T cell stimulation
3 - Bone marrow stimulation
4 - IgE production
5 - IgA production
6 - Acute-phase reactant production
8 - Neutrophil attraction
10 - Stimulates Th2
12 - NK cell activation
Classic pathway of complement activated by... G.M. makes CLASSIC cars
IgG and IgM

 

[teethie]

hey good one pb2007🙂

http://cueflash.com/decks/ANDY'S_MNEMONICS