Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[deck]

--> continue
I am glad that I did not give up in the middle of preparing this exam, and I like myself more after this exam, because I never done something so hard by myself without anyone studying with me( usually I have study with my classmate, but this time I did it by myself.) Now I wished I could pass( cross my fingers), and I will update when I received the result^^ Good luck on anyone!! This thread is really good source for studying! Thank you guys!!! I love this thread and u all guys 😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍
Sorry that I typed too many words, just ignore me if u think I am annoying. If u have any Q, please feel fee to ask me( just not about what Q on the exam, because I actually almost forgot what on the exam...It's true, I did not lie)

 

[teethie]

Hipb2007, I do nt disagree with your statement. you know what the only difference between your statement and mine is that you are thinking in terms of too much lateral movement that maxillary DB cusp interferes with mand DL cusp and I am thinking in terms of just little less lateral movement than yours, so I am keeping Max DL cusp interfering with mand DL cusp.

so you are also right, and i might be wrong too, i guess we need to know the key for this question from sdner who posted this question.

or let us see what others say too.

I also think choice A.



Originally Posted by hot
the distolingual cusp of R mandibular 1st molar is fractured by excessive contact with opposing maxillary molar during R lateral excursion. which of the following is the most likely location of the interference?

a) lingual surface of maxillary lingual cusp.---max mesio-lingual cusp lies in central fossa of mand ist molar, and dl lies between marginal ridges of two mand molars, on right excusrion, mand teeth go out buccally and now max buccal cusp will fall on central fossa. and max mesio lingual cusp will escape the lingual groove of mand i1 st molar and LINGUAL surface of max dl cusp will interfere with dl cusp of mand ist molar.
pl correct if wrong.


b) facial surface of maxillary lingual cusp.
c) facial surface of maxillary facial cusp.
d) lingual surface of maxillary facial cusp.

teethie i agree with your statement but here what i was thinkin
the mesiolingual cusp resides in central fossa n distolingual of maxillary resides between marginal ridges of 1st and 2nd molar so during lateral movement wont DL of max molar jst pass straight n distobuccal which resides in the distobuccal groove of mand molar will have more chances of hitting DL of mandibular molar so i though lingual surface of maxillary distofacial .

i'm not good in DA teethie so would like to hear from you n others about what i wrote,plz correct me .for this i was thinkin lateral movement is purely lateral so should'nt DL of maxillary should pass straight frm interdental space .

 

[bratdoc]

--> continue
I am glad that I did not give up in the middle of preparing this exam, and I like myself more after this exam, because I never done something so hard by myself without anyone studying with me( usually I have study with my classmate, but this time I did it by myself.) Now I wished I could pass( cross my fingers), and I will update when I received the result^^ Good luck on anyone!! This thread is really good source for studying! Thank you guys!!! I love this thread and u all guys 😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍
Sorry that I typed too many words, just ignore me if u think I am annoying. If u have any Q, please feel fee to ask me( just not about what Q on the exam, because I actually almost forgot what on the exam...It's true, I did not lie)

Congratulations on completing the test! You seem really happy! All The Best!! I am sure your hard work will pay off!!👍👍

 

[bratdoc]

Hipb2007, I do nt disagree with your statement. you know what the only difference between your statement and mine is that you are thinking in terms of too much lateral movement that maxillary DB cusp interferes with mand DL cusp and I am thinking in terms of just little less lateral movement than yours, so I am keeping Max DL cusp interfering with mand DL cusp.

so you are also right, and i might be wrong too, i guess we need to know the key for this question from sdner who posted this question.

or let us see what others say too.




I also think the answer is A!

 

[pb2007]

Hipb2007, I do nt disagree with your statement. you know what the only difference between your statement and mine is that you are thinking in terms of too much lateral movement that maxillary DB cusp interferes with mand DL cusp and I am thinking in terms of just little less lateral movement than yours, so I am keeping Max DL cusp interfering with mand DL cusp.

so you are also right, and i might be wrong too, i guess we need to know the key for this question from sdner who posted this question.

or let us see what others say too.
exactly teethie ,i was too thinkin i went too far lateral n u stopped at mesiobuccal point,i myself dont kno what is the rite distance to move .
waiting to hear from others
congrats deck ,it must be such a relief in life to finish off this tiring exam.hope u'l come up with great score,all the very best .

 

[pb2007]

i think u r rite teethie ,bratdoc n hot support ur answer too so u moved the rite distance ,i need to slow down a little .

 

[bratdoc]

i think u r rite teethie ,bratdoc n hot support ur answer too so u moved the rite distance ,i need to slow down a little .

Pb2007 the best way is to actually perform the motion yourself and gauge the extent of motion! thats what i do... but well one should also have a near perfect occlusion🙂

 

[pb2007]

Pb2007 the best way is to actually perform the motion yourself and gauge the extent of motion! thats what i do... but well one should also have a near perfect occlusion🙂

bratdoc that's what i did before picking choice 4th as answer but i guess i went too lateral .

 

[anniemirza]

--> continue
I am glad that I did not give up in the middle of preparing this exam, and I like myself more after this exam, because I never done something so hard by myself without anyone studying with me( usually I have study with my classmate, but this time I did it by myself.) Now I wished I could pass( cross my fingers), and I will update when I received the result^^ Good luck on anyone!! This thread is really good source for studying! Thank you guys!!! I love this thread and u all guys 😍😍😍
Sorry that I typed too many words, just ignore me if u think I am annoying. If u have any Q, please feel fee to ask me( just not about what Q on the exam, because I actually almost forgot what on the exam...It's true, I did not lie)

Hey decks....Thanks alot for ur review on how the exam was...Thats really nice of u to come back and post something like that, that too with so much of detail.Appreciate that man!!!👍I guess u are not a foreign-trained dentist coz u said u are aiming for 75 !well iam one and 75 isnt enough for us ,not even close!🙁😡 anyways i really hope that u get ur desired score 🙂🙂
can u share sm more details like how was the standard of ur exm...comparable to asda papers or crack nbde or any other source and are decks and first aid enough ?(to hit 85!)how much more do v have to put to hit such a big target???Thanks.
reply appreciated from anybody and evrybdy...🙂

 

[teethie]

hey deck, congrats you are done with your exam and all the best for ur score👍
if u r looking for 75 only, then do not worry because just visiting this thread will bring you 75.😉

 

[teethie]

bratdoc and pb2007: sometimes occlusion is beyond what we see because very few have got perfect occlusion.

but i am glad pb2007 got the movement right if the answer choice A is really right.

bratdoc that's what i did before picking choice 4th as answer but i guess i went too lateral .

 

[bratdoc]

hi Teethie,Ibeflossin Pb2007

3. A tissue which is not responded to cell replication & growth
a. necrosis (the definition is cell death resulting from IRREVERSIBLE INJURY which means that it’s not responding to growth or replcation)-----------------------agree
b. apoptosis --> apotosis can technically still grow as it’s a physiologic & pathological process

As you said Necrosis is the answer... but isn't necrosis due to external sources?!

I was going through my old notes from the physiology book i used back in college, here is what was written
Initiators of apoptosis:
-Absence of stimuli for cell growth
-Activators (eg. receptors for TNF)
-Intracellular stimuli (eg. heat, radiation, hypoxia)

these were a few factors amongst other things... so if you could help me reach a decision on this answer!!

 

[bratdoc]

bratdoc and pb2007: sometimes occlusion is beyond what we see because very few have got perfect occlusion.

but i am glad pb2007 got the movement right if the answer choice A is really right.

i agree and the few lucky ones can put it to good use!!

 

[anniemirza]

A man cannot abduct and adduct the digits of his hand, or oppose his thumb. This occurred after trying to break a fall. Which neural structure has been injured?
Lower trunk of the brachial plexus- answer given😕😕😕
Median nerve---my answer(isnt the median n. that oppose/flex/add/abd)?
somebody clarify please???

 

[bratdoc]

A man cannot abduct and adduct the digits of his hand, or oppose his thumb. This occurred after trying to break a fall. Which neural structure has been injured?
Lower trunk of the brachial plexus- answer given😕😕😕
Median nerve---my answer(isnt the median n. that oppose/flex/add/abd)?
somebody clarify please???

the symptoms of the injury mentioned show the symptoms of median nerve injury also.. But all the symptoms are not attributed to the median nerves, implying the involvement of other nerves also
And the most common cause for a Lower brachial plexus injury is indeed breaking a fall ... hence the answer

 

[anniemirza]

the symptoms of the injury mentioned show the symptoms of median nerve injury also.. But all the symptoms are not attributed to the median nerves, implying the involvement of other nerves also
And the most common cause for a Lower brachial plexus injury is indeed breaking a fall ... hence the answer

Ohh thanks for that....when I read the decks,it just mentioned that all the above symptoms are due to median nerve injury only(nothing about brachial plexus😕) so I chose that option.

 

[pb2007]

hi Teethie,Ibeflossin Pb2007

3. A tissue which is not responded to cell replication & growth
a. necrosis (the definition is cell death resulting from IRREVERSIBLE INJURY which means that it’s not responding to growth or replcation)-----------------------agree
b. apoptosis --> apotosis can technically still grow as it’s a physiologic & pathological process

As you said Necrosis is the answer... but isn't necrosis due to external sources?!

I was going through my old notes from the physiology book i used back in college, here is what was written
Initiators of apoptosis:
-Absence of stimuli for cell growth
-Activators (eg. receptors for TNF)
-Intracellular stimuli (eg. heat, radiation, hypoxia)

these were a few factors amongst other things... so if you could help me reach a decision on this answer!!

sorry bratdoc i didnt think that far when i answered apoptosis.i jst thought that apoptosis involves irreversible changes in cell but necrosis too has same thing .
i think necrosis seems better choice to me coz apoptosis is physiologic too.

 

[bratdoc]

sorry bratdoc i didnt think that far when i answered apoptosis.i jst thought that apoptosis involves irreversible changes in cell but necrosis too has same thing .
i think necrosis seems better choice to me coz apoptosis is physiologic too.

Pb2007 what i meant was that
Teethie and Ibeflossin answered Necrosis
I answered Apoptosis
And i still feel apoptosis, so just wanted a good explanation to switch my answer! or yours😛

 

[teethie]

Hi bratdoc, first of all this question wordings are tricky and your confusion MIGHT remain confusion because there is no reference(i could not find any) that supports these words exactly. I checked robbins also.

here is my reasoning:
apoptosis is programmed cell death and it is characterised by RNA and protein synthesis. ref: kaplan.

since the PROTEIN synthesis is taking place i will put it under the category of cell replication.
hence answer should be necrosis.

hi Teethie,Ibeflossin Pb2007

3. A tissue which is not responded to cell replication & growth
a. necrosis (the definition is cell death resulting from IRREVERSIBLE INJURY which means that it’s not responding to growth or replcation)-----------------------agree
b. apoptosis --> apotosis can technically still grow as it’s a physiologic & pathological process

As you said Necrosis is the answer... but isn't necrosis due to external sources?!

I was going through my old notes from the physiology book i used back in college, here is what was written
Initiators of apoptosis:
-Absence of stimuli for cell growth
-Activators (eg. receptors for TNF)
-Intracellular stimuli (eg. heat, radiation, hypoxia)

these were a few factors amongst other things... so if you could help me reach a decision on this answer!!

 

[pb2007]

Pb2007 what i meant was that
Teethie and Ibeflossin answered Necrosis
I answered Apoptosis
And i still feel apoptosis, so just wanted a good explanation to switch my answer! or yours😛

sorry bratdoc ,i really dont have a strong ground to support my answer coz as teethie said ques is incomplete .

 

[bratdoc]

Hi bratdoc, first of all this question wordings are tricky and your confusion MIGHT remain confusion because there is no reference(i could not find any) that supports these words exactly. I checked robbins also.

here is my reasoning:
apoptosis is programmed cell death and it is characterised by RNA and protein synthesis. ref: kaplan.

since the PROTEIN synthesis is taking place i will put it under the category of cell replication.
hence answer should be necrosis.

hmmm... this extract i posted was from
A.K. Jain : Human Physiology
Initiators of apoptosis:
-Absence of stimuli for cell growth

and this kinda confused me..
So i think such kind of a question would hopefully be worded correctly for all of us to answer the same correct answer

 

[teethie]

lets keep

hmmm... this extract i posted was from
A.K. Jain : Human Physiology
Initiators of apoptosis:
-Absence of stimuli for cell growth

and this kinda confused me..
So i think such kind of a question would hopefully be worded correctly for all of us to answer the same correct answer

 

[anniemirza]

Hi bratdoc, first of all this question wordings are tricky and your confusion MIGHT remain confusion because there is no reference(i could not find any) that supports these words exactly. I checked robbins also.

here is my reasoning:
apoptosis is programmed cell death and it is characterised by RNA and protein synthesis. ref: kaplan.

since the PROTEIN synthesis is taking place i will put it under the category of cell replication.
hence answer should be necrosis.

I Would go with necrosis...as there is no cell replication or growth .But with excessive apoptosis,it causes hypotrophy, such as in ischemic damage, whereas an insufficient amount results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, such as cancer.That means it does induce cell replication and growth.Apoptosis works as a balance to mitosis to keep us healthy for example,our skin and hair cells are renewed via a continuous cycle of apoptosis and mitosis.
Hope it clears the doubt🙂

 

[bratdoc]

I Would go with necrosis...as there is no cell replication or growth .But with excessive apoptosis,it causes hypotrophy, such as in ischemic damage, whereas an insufficient amount results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, such as cancer.That means it does induce cell replication and growth.Apoptosis works as a balance to mitosis to keep us healthy for example,our skin and hair cells are renewed via a continuous cycle of apoptosis and mitosis.
Hope it clears the doubt🙂

Well what i think is Apoptosis occurs when the cell has served its function (completed growth and replication) like what we may see in sculpting of embryo also.. Also if you refer to some books you will find that apoptosis occurs only when normal growth and replication signals(eg. GH) to the cells are stopped....

Necrosis on the other hand is different in the aspect that it is an untimely death of the cell so it may still be dividing and growing.. like for example in an actively growing or proliferating tissue the cells maybe forced to die due to lack of supply... so necrosis does not necessarily mean that the cells had stopped growing.. its just means that the cells died an untimely death due to external injury

chk out pg 124 Comparison of apoptosis and necrosis
and then Pg 125 Control of apoptosis
http://books.google.com/books?id=gO...&resnum=1&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false

 

[teethie]

wow what an interesting discussion is going on. I would like to participate again.
bratdoc: i am concluding from what u wrote so far in all the posts.

u mentioned that Initiators of apoptosis:
-Absence of stimuli for cell growth
ok so this means if there is stimuli available, tissue will grow and does not undergo apoptosis right.

now see what the question wording is:
A tissue which is not responded to cell replication & growth
this question means that tissue is not reponding to any stimuli. that means even if you are providing growth factors, hormones, cell is not reacting to it.
so when does this happen, it happens when cell is necrotic.

again what u mentioned from your college notes is how does apoptosis get initiated, your notes do not mention what happens once apoptosis has taken place.

this is what i undersood from everything.

anyone still has any doubts

 

[bratdoc]

wow what an interesting discussion is going on. I would like to participate again.
bratdoc: i am concluding from what u wrote so far in all the posts.

u mentioned that Initiators of apoptosis:
-Absence of stimuli for cell growth
ok so this means if there is stimuli available, tissue will grow and does not undergo apoptosis right.

now see what the question wording is:
A tissue which is not responded to cell replication & growth
this question means that tissue is not reponding to any stimuli. that means even if you are providing growth factors, hormones, cell is not reacting to it.
so when does this happen, it happens when cell is necrotic.

again what u mentioned from your college notes is how does apoptosis get initiated, your notes do not mention what happens once apoptosis has taken place.

this is what i undersood from everything.

anyone still has any doubts

Hmmm good point... so you mean to say that all they cells not stimulated by growth signals undergo Necrosis is it? they cannot continue living?? well if this is the case of the cell unresponsiveness then who decides that the cell should be killed?? The death sequence preprogrammed in the cell itself i.e. apoptosis..... if u see cancer cells they are also unresponsive to any controlling factor right? but do they undergo necrosis? no... because they still get their essential supply of nutrients... so being unresponsive to signals does not lead to necrosis... what leads to necrosis is lack of nutrients/supply....
so when the question talks about response to growth it has nothing to do with necrosis... but yes if the question talks about nutrients/supply then it can be necrosis..
this question without an answer key has put us in a confusion here...

 

[bratdoc]

And i think its better not to spend time on this discussion anymore and rather utilize it for more questions!🙂
Unless of course someone finds a text to prove or disprove something!!

 

[anniemirza]

😕

And i think its better not to spend time on this discussion anymore and rather utilize it for more questions!🙂
Unless of course someone finds a text to prove or disprove something!!

Hehe would agree....cudnt sleep wid this damn thing on ma mind!!!
honestly ma post actually supports bratdoc...thou all da info i got related to apoptosis! A practical n logical point...
Last year a pt came to our hospital with a simple ulcer which developed due to improper filling (which she got it done by some quack i guess)...in few days coz of imprper care it turned necrotic...n ultimately turned into a carcinoma!!!necrosis>>>>>cell multiplication>>>>cancer!!!
proving ur point bratdoc!😀now iam done wid dis questn....n off 2 sleep!

 

[teethie]

hi ,pl answer these.

The most abundant non-phospholipid
component of the cell membrane is
A. Cholesterol
B. Deoxycholate
C. Prostaglandin
D. Macroglobulin​

E. Triacylglyceride

An action potential in a nerve fiber is
considered to be related to
A. The changed orientation of molecules in the
membrane giving rise to a static potential
difference
B. The entry of sodium ions followed by the exit of
potassium ions
C. A breakdown of metabolic products resulting in
different concentrations of potassium across
the membrane
D. The flow of electrons across the membrane​

following change in membrane permeability

If an axonal membrane transiently becomes
very permeable to Na+ ions, then the
membrane potential of the cell wall will
approach
A. -70 mV
B. -60 mV
C. -50 mV
D. 0 mV​

E. +60 mV

The maximal frequency of impulses that can
be carried by a nerve fiber is limited by
which of the following?
A. Intensity of the stimulus
B. Diameter of the nerve fiber
C. Duration of the absolute refractory period​

D. Duration of the relative refractory period

During exercise, muscle tissue accumulates
lactic acid. As a result, erythrocytes passing
through capillaries in the muscle
A. Release more CO2
B. Absorb more CO2
C. Release more O2
D. Both 1 and 3 above​

E. Both 2 and 3 above

 

[teethie]

just want to share a mnemonic with all.
to memorise blotting technqiues indications

​

​

​

​

SNoW
DRoP

SNoW: Southern, Northern, western​

​

​

DRoP: DNA RNA Protein ​

 

[pb2007]

hi ,pl answer these.​

The most abundant non-phospholipid
component of the cell membrane is
A. Cholesterol
B. Deoxycholate
C. Prostaglandin
D. Macroglobulin​

E. Triacylglyceride
cholesterol........{reference kaplan 1st chap from anatomy }
cholesterol makes up 15 to 25 %
glycolipids 10%
phospholipids 50 to 60 %

An action potential in a nerve fiber is
considered to be related to
A. The changed orientation of molecules in the
membrane giving rise to a static potential
difference
B. The entry of sodium ions followed by the exit of
potassium ions..........answer
C. A breakdown of metabolic products resulting in
different concentrations of potassium across
the membrane
D. The flow of electrons across the membrane​

following change in membrane permeability

If an axonal membrane transiently becomes
very permeable to Na+ ions, then the
membrane potential of the cell wall will
approach​

A. -70 mV
B. -60 mV
C. -50 mV
D. 0 mV​

E. +60 mV................answer
i answered +60 coz NA entry will cause potential towards positive

The maximal frequency of impulses that can
be carried by a nerve fiber is limited by
which of the following?
A. Intensity of the stimulus
B. Diameter of the nerve fiber
C. Duration of the absolute refractory period............answer​

D. Duration of the relative refractory period

During exercise, muscle tissue accumulates
lactic acid. As a result, erythrocytes passing
through capillaries in the muscle
A. Release more CO2
B. Absorb more CO2
C. Release more O2
D. Both 1 and 3 above​

E. Both 2 and 3 above..........answer{not sure}
plz correct me if wrong .
nic menomic teethie .
i too have one doubt down's syndrome is dominantly due to translocation or non disjunction ??

 

[Svetlana]

The most abundant non-phospholipid
component of the cell membrane is
A. Cholesterol ans
B. Deoxycholate
C. Prostaglandin
D. Macroglobulin
E. Triacylglyceride

An action potential in a nerve fiber is
considered to be related to
A. The changed orientation of molecules in the
membrane giving rise to a static potential
difference
B. The entry of sodium ions followed by the exit of
potassium ions ans(actually its a definition of action pot.)
C. A breakdown of metabolic products resulting in
different concentrations of potassium across
the membrane
D. The flow of electrons across the membrane​

following change in membrane permeability

If an axonal membrane transiently becomes
very permeable to Na+ ions, then the
membrane potential of the cell wall will
approach
A. -70 mV
B. -60 mV
C. -50 mV
D. 0 mV​

E. +60 mV ans (very permeable for Na+ -->positive charge inside-->depolarization)

The maximal frequency of impulses that can
be carried by a nerve fiber is limited by
which of the following?
A. Intensity of the stimulus doesnt matter
B. Diameter of the nerve fiber i think velocity depends on it
C. Duration of the absolute refractory period was dealing with this Q last week)))),during abs.refr.per NO impulses can be carried-->longer this period-->less frequency
​

D. Duration of the relative refractory period

During exercise, muscle tissue accumulates
lactic acid. As a result, erythrocytes passing
through capillaries in the muscle
A. Release more CO2
B. Absorb more CO2
C. Release more O2 I think we are dealing with Bohr effect here :More CO2-->less affinity to O2 (not sure should we pick up "C" or "E")
D. Both 1 and 3 above​

E. Both 2 and 3 above

 

[Svetlana]

i too have one doubt down's syndrome is dominantly due to translocation or non disjunction ??

Definitely non disjunction!

 

[pb2007]

Svetlana can u share ur source of info coz kaplan mentions translocation n say non disjunction is usually the cause of numerical chromosomal abnormalities.

 

[Svetlana]

Do you guys know,will be a Darrow Yannet diagram on exam?
(Extra and intracellular fluid representation)

 

[pb2007]

Do you guys know,will be a Darrow Yannet diagram on exam?
(Extra and intracellular fluid representation)

never saw one on previous exms ....

 

[Svetlana]

Svetlana can u share ur source of info coz kaplan mentions translocation n say non disjunction is usually the cause of numerical chromosomal abnormalities.

Well,Down syndrome IS "numerical chromosome abnorm."-trisomy 21!!!
Extra 21 chr.
Can not share the source,coz i just remember it.
Can look up in Wiki.

Trisomy 21

Trisomy 21 (47,XX,+21) is caused by a meiotic nondisjunction event. With nondisjunction, a gamete (i.e., a sperm or egg cell) is produced with an extra copy of chromosome 21;

 

[pb2007]

Well,Down syndrome IS "numerical chromosome abnorm."-trisomy 21!!!
Extra 21 chr.
Can not share the source,coz i just remember it.
Can look up in Wiki.

Trisomy 21

Trisomy 21 (47,XX,+21) is caused by a meiotic nondisjunction event. With nondisjunction, a gamete (i.e., a sperm or egg cell) is produced with an extra copy of chromosome 21;

thanks svetlana

 

[teethie]

pb2007 and svetlana, thanks for the answers, lets us see if anyone diasgrees.

pb2007: this is a coincidence that the doubt you asked , i had the same doubt a month ago when i read in kaplan, well i looked into it from various sources, books, web, and finally agreed on non disjunction.
there is one subtype of down syndrome in which translocation takes place.
so go with non disjunction.

Svetlana can u share ur source of info coz kaplan mentions translocation n say non disjunction is usually the cause of numerical chromosomal abnormalities.

 

[teethie]

not that i know until now.

Do you guys know,will be a Darrow Yannet diagram on exam?
(Extra and intracellular fluid representation)

 

[Svetlana]

Hey guys!
Teethy,pb2007!
When is your exam?
I think you are well prepared!
Mine is in 2 weeks!
Dreaming about how i will write a post :"Im done !!!!"

 

[pb2007]

Hey guys!
Teethy,pb2007!
When is your exam?
I think you are well prepared!
Mine is in 2 weeks!
Dreaming about how i will write a post :"Im done !!!!"

mine is in three weeks n evrything seems scattered to me ,these end days are really depressing ,jst waitin for this torture to get over .
sdn is my only hope that makes me keep goin ....thanks guys for all ur help.

 

[teethie]

good luck👍 you are more than prepared svetlana. my posts only show everyone that i am prepared but i am not, i am answering questsions by searching them all around.
i have only 4 weeks left and i am thinking if i will be able to write my feedback or no on this thread. i have not finished reading once yet.🙁

Hey guys!
Teethy,pb2007!
When is your exam?
I think you are well prepared!
Mine is in 2 weeks!
Dreaming about how i will write a post :"Im done !!!!"

 

[pb2007]

pb2007 and svetlana, thanks for the answers, lets us see if anyone diasgrees.

pb2007: this is a coincidence that the doubt you asked , i had the same doubt a month ago when i read in kaplan, well i looked into it from various sources, books, web, and finally agreed on non disjunction.
there is one subtype of down syndrome in which translocation takes place.
so go with non disjunction.

thanks teethie ,i found out that majority of cases r due to non disjunction n only 5 %due to translocation.

 

[teethie]

good luck pb2007👍 and thanks a lot for putting contribution to this thread.

mine is in three weeks n evrything seems scattered to me ,these end days are really depressing ,jst waitin for this torture to get over .
sdn is my only hope that makes me keep goin ....thanks guys for all ur help.

 

[pb2007]

good luck👍 you are more than prepared svetlana. my posts only show everyone that i am prepared but i am not, i am answering questsions by searching them all around.
i have only 4 weeks left and i am thinking if i will be able to write my feedback or no on this thread. i have not finished reading once yet.🙁

same here teethie.stuyding frm multiple sources is tiring

 

[Svetlana]

Come on teethy!
It only seems so!
IM SURE you know all what you are posting here and explain others!
Its already enough!
So i will be 1st from us with feedback!

And 1 more time,thank you!!!

 

[teethie]

few more:​

Edema may be caused by
​

A. Constriction of arterioles
B. Increased permeability of capillaries
C. Reduced blood pressure in the capillaries
D. A tissue oncotic pressure that is lower than​

that of plasma

Which of the following changes promotes
the formation of extracellular edema?
A. Increase in tissue fluid hydrostatic pressure
B. Increase in plasma protein concentration
C. Decrease in capillary hydrostatic pressure
D. Capillary filtration exceeds capillary absorption​

E. Capillary absorption exceeds capillary filtration

Which of the following is MOST often
associated with free fatty acid transport in
human blood?
A. Albumin
B. Globulin
C. Cholesterol
D. Sphingolipid​

E. Mucopolysaccharide

In the absence of compensatory changes, a
drop in blood pressure results from
A. Vasoconstriction
B. Increased hematocrit
C. Increased stroke volume
D. Increased cardiac output​

E. Decreased venous return

The catabolism of which of the following results in
no energy production in the form of ATP?
A. Lipid
B. Protein
C. Nucleotide​

D. Carbohydrat

during end of swallowing what state the teeth will lie
a. centric relation
b. retruded contact position

 

[pb2007]

few more:​

edema may be caused by
​

a. Constriction of arterioles
b. Increased permeability of capillaries.............answer
c. Reduced blood pressure in the capillaries
d. A tissue oncotic pressure that is lower than​

that of plasma
{choice b}

which of the following changes promotes
the formation of extracellular edema?
a. Increase in tissue fluid hydrostatic pressure
b. Increase in plasma protein concentration
c. Decrease in capillary hydrostatic pressure
d. Capillary filtration exceeds capillary absorption.....answer​

e. Capillary absorption exceeds capillary filtration

which of the following is most often
associated with free fatty acid transport in
human blood?
a. Albumin.....answer
b. Globulin
c. Cholesterol
d. Sphingolipid​

e. Mucopolysaccharide

in the absence of compensatory changes, a
drop in blood pressure results from
a. Vasoconstriction
b. Increased hematocrit
c. Increased stroke volume
d. Increased cardiac output​

e. Decreased venous return...answer{not sure}

the catabolism of which of the following results in
no energy production in the form of atp?
a. Lipid
b. Protein
c. Nucleotide​

d. Carbohydrat

1 b
2d
3a
4 not sure
5......
during end of swallowing what state the teeth will lie
a. centric relation........answer{out of these two choices this seems best }actually i tried doin it my self teeth loose contact in the end or after we finish swallowing but out of these 1st choice only fits
b. retruded contact position

 

[anniemirza]

Hey guyz...i got a doubt here...posted above that:
If an axonal membrane transiently becomes
very permeable to Na+ ions, then the
membrane potential of the cell wall will
approach
A. -70 mV
B. -60 mV
C. -50 mV
D. 0 mV​

E. +60 mV ans (very permeable for Na+ -->positive charge inside-->depolarization)

When u say the inside of the cell become +ve ...outside already being +ve.But the membrane potential is difference between inside and outside....that means (+ve)-(+ve)====(-ve)!! then how can the answer be +ve mV????....Got confused with this....dunno if iam goin in the right direction😕