Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[Svetlana]

Which of the following is a nucleotide?
1.urate
2.uracil(my ans)
3.ribose
3.adenosine
4.thymidylate(ans)

Explain please how to define nucleotide among these?

Which of the following differentiates mand.PM from max.PM?
Mand.PM:
1.have pulp horns of equal size
2.have lingual cusps less developed
2.have crowns tilted facial(ANS)-Why?I thought it lingual

 

[teethie]

pb2007, thanks a lot for the answers.
can u or anyone explain me

the difference between centric relation and retruded contact postion, i was confused with this while answering swallowing question.

am i right that nucleotide does not release atp.

 

[anniemirza]

Which of the following is a nucleotide?
1.urate
2.uracil(my ans)
3.ribose
3.adenosine
4.thymidylate(ans)

Explain please how to define nucleotide among these?

Uracil itself is not a nucleotide.When combined with the sugar ribose in a glycosidic linkage, uracil forms a derivative called uridine (a nucleoside), which in turn can be phosphorylated with from one to three phosphoric acid groups, yielding respectively the three nucleotides-UMP (uridine monophosphate), UDP (uridine diphosphate), and UTP (uridine triphosphate).
Thymidylate is a nucleotide. dTMP is a deoxyribonucleotide comprised of thymine, the pentose sugar deoxyribose and phosphate. It is the only nucleotide unique to DNA.

 

[teethie]

---

Which of the following is a nucleotide?
1.urate---salt of uric acid
2.uracil(my ans)--this is a nucleic base only
3.ribose
3.adenosine
4.thymidylate(ans)--right answer. base+sugar+phosphate= nucleotide

Explain please how to define nucleotide among these?

Which of the following differentiates mand.PM from max.PM?
Mand.PM:
1.have pulp horns of equal size
2.have lingual cusps less developed
2.have crowns tilted facial(ANS)-Why?I thought it lingual
u r right this key is given wrong. this is my 5th post related to the same question.

 

[pb2007]

pb2007, thanks a lot for the answers.
can u or anyone explain me

the difference between centric relation and retruded contact postion, i was confused with this while answering swallowing question.

am i right that nucleotide does not release atp.

teethie centric relation or retruded contact position is same thing ,
sorry teethie even i answered it wrong ,there should be choice as centric occlusion coz swallowing has to be centric occlusion
refer deck no 46 and 47
what abt the ques on catabolism ??

even i marked nucleotide as answer but i think there break down releases energy wen phosphate is released

 

[teethie]

ok for nucleotide.
i am confused again, i always thought that swallowing has to do with centric relation, when we make dentures, that is what we ask pt to get into centric relation positionis to swallow.

also this question was about end of swallowing...this makes difference or no.😕😕😕

teethie centric relation or retruded contact position is same thing ,
sorry teethie even i answered it wrong ,there should be choice as centric occlusion coz swallowing has to be centric occlusion
refer deck no 46 and 47
what abt the ques on catabolism ??

 

[elmos]

i think in the end of swallowing the teeth have to be apart
i don't think both of these answers fit do you have other choices.
during swallowing you have centric occlusion
correct me if i'm wrong

 

[Svetlana]

Thanks !!!

What is the mechanism?

If a person stands rigidly at attention for a sufficient length of time,then he will probably lose consciousness because of...
increased peripheral polling

Is it just because of "standing"?
Whats the point with "attention"?

 

[teethie]

i think attention is still not moving here and there and this leads to increased periheral poolong of blood and decreased cardiac output and thus fells unconscious.

Thanks !!!

What is the mechanism?

If a person stands rigidly at attention for a sufficient length of time,then he will probably lose consciousness because of...
increased peripheral polling

Is it just because of "standing"?
Whats the point with "attention"?

 

[teethie]

but if teeth have to be apart in the end of swallowing then how cum the choice centric occlusion is right, it is also wrong then.

i do not have the other choices, this question is from the same thread posted few days ago and no one answered it.

i think in the end of swallowing the teeth have to be apart
i don't think both of these answers fit do you have other choices.
during swallowing you have centric occlusion
correct me if i'm wrong

 

[elmos]

anyone knows why growth hormone doesn't increase gluconeogenesis?
decks n 94
pls i need help

 

[teethie]

i am going with centric occlusion in swallowing question, thank you everyone.

 

[pb2007]

but if teeth have to be apart in the end of swallowing then how cum the choice centric occlusion is right, it is also wrong then.

i do not have the other choices, this question is from the same thread posted few days ago and no one answered it.

u r rite teethie ,the choices are incomplete but amongst the choices centric occlusion is correct.
if no contact was the choice that was the correct then.

 

[teethie]

I have nothing new to add to this query, this was discussed by many sdner 2-3 months ago, and some of them agreed that growth hormones does show gluconeogenesis indirectly based on their references from various sources. so this quetion is always debatable.some agree ,some do not.

anyone knows why growth hormone doesn't increase gluconeogenesis?
decks n 94
pls i need help

 

[pb2007]

anyone knows why growth hormone doesn't increase gluconeogenesis?
decks n 94
pls i need help

GH increases protein synthesis in muscle
GH decreases uptake of glucose so diabetogenic n also increases fat breakdown so causes lipolysis,increases gluconeogenesis.
[refernce usmle notes }

 

[elmos]

thank you teethie so much
so i'm not the only one confused😀

 

[teethie]

pb2007: i have not liked the wordsmentioned in usmle.
decrease uptake of glucose does not mean genesis of glucose has started taking place. all it should mean is that increased plasma glucose levels is there thats all. hence diabetogenic.
i do not want to raise any debate though, but mentioned what i do not like reading such confusions😛

GH increases protein synthesis in muscle
GH decreases uptake of glucose so diabetogenic n also increases fat breakdown so causes lipolysis,increases gluconeogenesis.
[refernce usmle notes }

 

[elmos]

thks pb2007

 

[pb2007]

pb2007: i have not liked the wordsmentioned in usmle.
decrease uptake of glucose does not mean genesis of glucose has started taking place. all it should mean is that increased plasma glucose levels is there thats all. hence diabetogenic.
i do not want to raise any debate though, but mentioned what i do not like reading such confusions😛

you are absolutly rite teethie ,decresed uptake of glucose has nothing to do with gluconeogenesis .i was thing it causes breakdown of lipids so may be in that context it meant gluconeogenesis.

 

[nbdeaspirant1]

hi guys

my question is : what is the function of pectinate muscles in the right atrium of the heart?

 

[pb2007]

hi guys

my question is : what is the function of pectinate muscles in the right atrium of the heart?

E. The Atria - are reception chambers for blood returning to the heart from the body (right atrium) and the lungs (left atrium). The thin muscular walls of these chambers push the blood a short distance, i.e., to the lower chambers. The interior of the atrial walls shows woven ridges of cardiac muscle called pectinate muscle. The woven nature of this muscle permits a great strength of contraction with a minimum of muscle mass.
http://faculty.ucc.edu/biology-potter/heart.htm

 

[Mulberry Tooth]

the distolingual cusp of R mandibular 1st molar is fractured by excessive contact with opposing maxillary molar during R lateral excursion. which of the following is the most likely location of the interference?

a) lingual surface of maxillary lingual cusp.
b) facial surface of maxillary lingual cusp.
c) facial surface of maxillary facial cusp.
d) lingual surface of maxillary facial cusp.

i think it's A... any help?? thanks guys!

The correct answer is A. the lingual cusps of max molars lie in the central fossa of the mandibular molars while the lingual cusps of the mandibular molars are even more lingual in occlusion. So in this case during lateral excrusion, the lingual cusps of mandibular molars will hit the lingual surface of the maxillary lingual cusp which are in their way.

 

[Svetlana]

Is is right that AV node is supplied by left vagus and SA-right vagus?

 

[pb2007]

Is is right that AV node is supplied by left vagus and SA-right vagus?

The heart is innervated by vagal and sympathetic fibers. The right vagus nerve primarily innervates the SA node, whereas the left vagus innervates the AV node; however, there can be significant overlap in the anatomical distribution. Atrial muscle is also innervated by vagal efferents, whereas the ventricular myocardium is only sparsely innervated by vagal efferents. Sympathetic efferent nerves are present throughout the atria (especially in the SA node) and ventricles, including the conduction system of the heart.

http://www.cvphysiology.com/Blood Pressure/BP008.htm

 

[bratdoc]

Thanks !!!

What is the mechanism?

If a person stands rigidly at attention for a sufficient length of time,then he will probably lose consciousness because of...
increased peripheral polling

Is it just because of "standing"?
Whats the point with "attention"?

Good observation! the point with standing is that the leg muscles are not working.... hence the skeletal muscle venous pump is not working for venous return... they added the "attention" part just to let the student know that the standing is without movement and hence without skeletal muscle pump!

 

[bratdoc]

The heart is innervated by vagal and sympathetic fibers. The right vagus nerve primarily innervates the SA node, whereas the left vagus innervates the AV node; however, there can be significant overlap in the anatomical distribution. Atrial muscle is also innervated by vagal efferents, whereas the ventricular myocardium is only sparsely innervated by vagal efferents. Sympathetic efferent nerves are present throughout the atria (especially in the SA node) and ventricles, including the conduction system of the heart.

http://www.cvphysiology.com/Blood Pressure/BP008.htm

Agree👍

 

[bratdoc]

few more:​

The most abundant non-phospholipid
component of the cell membrane is
A. Cholesterol----ANSWER
B. Deoxycholate
C. Prostaglandin
D. Macroglobulin
E. Triacylglyceride


An action potential in a nerve fiber is
considered to be related to
A. The changed orientation of molecules in the
membrane giving rise to a static potential
difference
B. The entry of sodium ions followed by the exit of
potassium ions----ANSWER
C. A breakdown of metabolic products resulting in
different concentrations of potassium across
the membrane
D. The flow of electrons across the membrane
following change in membrane permeability

If an axonal membrane transiently becomes
very permeable to Na+ ions, then the
membrane potential of the cell wall will
approach
A. -70 mV
B. -60 mV
C. -50 mV
D. 0 mV
E. +60 mV----ANSWER

The maximal frequency of impulses that can
be carried by a nerve fiber is limited by
which of the following?
A. Intensity of the stimulus
B. Diameter of the nerve fiber
C. Duration of the absolute refractory period----ANSWER
D. Duration of the relative refractory period

During exercise, muscle tissue accumulates
lactic acid. As a result, erythrocytes passing
through capillaries in the muscle
A. Release more CO2
B. Absorb more CO2
C. Release more O2
D. Both 1 and 3 above
E. Both 2 and 3 above----ANSWER

Edema may be caused by
​

A. Constriction of arterioles
B. Increased permeability of capillaries----ANSWER
C. Reduced blood pressure in the capillaries
D. A tissue oncotic pressure that is lower than​

that of plasma

Which of the following changes promotes
the formation of extracellular edema?
A. Increase in tissue fluid hydrostatic pressure
B. Increase in plasma protein concentration
C. Decrease in capillary hydrostatic pressure
D. Capillary filtration exceeds capillary absorption----ANSWER​

E. Capillary absorption exceeds capillary filtration

Which of the following is MOST often
associated with free fatty acid transport in
human blood?
A. Albumin----ANSWER
B. Globulin
C. Cholesterol
D. Sphingolipid​

E. Mucopolysaccharide

In the absence of compensatory changes, a
drop in blood pressure results from
A. Vasoconstriction
B. Increased hematocrit
C. Increased stroke volume
D. Increased cardiac output​

E. Decreased venous return----ANSWER

The catabolism of which of the following results in
no energy production in the form of ATP?
A. Lipid
B. Protein
C. Nucleotide----ANSWER​

D. Carbohydrat

during end of swallowing what state the teeth will lie
a. centric relation----ANSWER
b. retruded contact position

..

 

[Svetlana]

Thanks a lot,bratdoc,pb2007!!!!
Another Q!
What's the mechanism of NSAIDs inhibiting loop diuretics?

 

[bratdoc]

Thanks a lot,bratdoc,pb2007!!!!
Another Q!
What's the mechanism of NSAIDs inhibiting loop diuretics?

I am not too sure but maybe because NSAID causes prostaglandin inhibition... and since afferent arteriole dilation is mediated by PG.. therefore NSAID action inhibits PG mediated afferent arteriole dilation hence decreasing GFR... with severely decreased GFR how will the loop diuretics work?
well this is what i think.. not too sure though and i dont think they will be asking drug interactions on part 1 exam!

 

[Svetlana]

Guys,am i right?
Sup. and middle nasal conchae are parts of the ethmoid bone and inf.conchae is separate bone?
Im totally got mixed up with this anatomy!
And nasal meatuses are in between these conchae?

 

[bratdoc]

Guys,am i right?
Sup. and middle nasal conchae are parts of the ethmoid bone and inf.conchae is separate bone?
Im totally got mixed up with this anatomy!
And nasal meatuses are in between these conchae?

Yes you are absolutely right.. and meatuses are below the chonchae!

 

[nbdeaspirant1]

Hey guyz...i got a doubt here...posted above that:
If an axonal membrane transiently becomes
very permeable to Na+ ions, then the
membrane potential of the cell wall will
approach
A. -70 mV
B. -60 mV
C. -50 mV
D. 0 mV​

E. +60 mV ans (very permeable for Na+ -->positive charge inside-->depolarization)

When u say the inside of the cell become +ve ...outside already being +ve.But the membrane potential is difference between inside and outside....that means (+ve)-(+ve)====(-ve)!! then how can the answer be +ve mV????....Got confused with this....dunno if iam goin in the right direction😕

according to my understanding:if the axonal membran transiently becomes permeable...that means till then it is in the resting state...which is -70 mv....so when na+ ions get it inside...it is depolarizing it...making inside positive...if the membran is allowing only na ions...then the inside membrane potential can become.....completely positive......

but since it is bcoming postive then membrane potential would be positive number - positive number....=postive value....the answer can be e 0 or +60...but i go for zero...i am sure i hav confused evryone more coz even i..i am confused.........😕😱🙁

help......

 

[nbdeaspirant1]

E. The Atria - are reception chambers for blood returning to the heart from the body (right atrium) and the lungs (left atrium). The thin muscular walls of these chambers push the blood a short distance, i.e., to the lower chambers. The interior of the atrial walls shows woven ridges of cardiac muscle called pectinate muscle. The woven nature of this muscle permits a great strength of contraction with a minimum of muscle mass.
http://faculty.ucc.edu/biology-potter/heart.htm

thanks a lot pb2007...🙂

 

[nbdeaspirant1]

Miss aspirant (plus all others who tried for the answer)...here the answer for that crazy question above:
The gastrohepatic ligament is the part of the lesser omentum that separates the greater peritoneal sac from the right portion of the lesser peritoneal sac. This portion of the lesser omentum has no significant blood vessels within it and may be incised for surgical access.

thanks buddy!!!!🙂

 

[wdent]

Hey Guys i have a quick quest..
Its in Decks card number 167(bio/physio)

Concernin about the CounterCurrent Mechanism,,, i know its takin place in The Ascendin loop of henele by the reabsorption of NaCl..

But iam confused how this whole thing hapening,,i hope one of u guys can put it in a very simple way to understand this concept behind it plssssss!!

Thanks

 

[teethie]

thanks a lot bratdoc for the answers.

..

 

[teethie]

just to put in simple words:

some NaCl is getting reabsorbed by ascending loop of Henle so . the one that is reabsorbed and gone back to plasma, will again go into loop of henle for filtration like other solutes.
hence this old reabsorbed Nacl plus new Nacl which is coming fresh and has never got reabsorbed before is called multiplying. because concentration of Nacl is now multiplied.(old+ new)
hope this is clear now.

Hey Guys i have a quick quest..
Its in Decks card number 167(bio/physio)

Concernin about the CounterCurrent Mechanism,,, i know its takin place in The Ascendin loop of henele by the reabsorption of NaCl..

But iam confused how this whole thing hapening,,i hope one of u guys can put it in a very simple way to understand this concept behind it plssssss!!

Thanks

 

[wdent]

Thanks Teethie 🙂

 

[teethie]

where is everyone, gone to sleep or studying?? i am inactive if this thread is inactive.
guys, post some doubts or no one has anyomore ques or doubts🙂
ok

 

[bratdoc]

where is everyone, gone to sleep or studying?? i am inactive if this thread is inactive.
guys, post some doubts or no one has anyomore ques or doubts🙂
ok

I agree.. put up some embryo and anat questions!! i need some practice on those now! too many physio biochem!

 

[teethie]

hahahahahahha, ok buddy, i will do that!

I agree.. put up some embryo and anat questions!! i need some practice on those now! too many physio biochem!

 

[teethie]

ans please:

what are terminal branches of anterior thoracic artery?

what is distal to terminal bronchi?

what is mistaken as subgingival calculus on tooth?
dens in dente, concrescence....?? or something else

which cell cycle is most variable in mammals?
in options all stages of cell cycle are given

what do u know abt histology of buccal mucosa?

what is subacromial bursa?

 

[bratdoc]

ans please:

what are terminal branches of anterior thoracic artery?
anterior intercostal arteries, musculophrenic and superior epigastric artery?

what is distal to terminal bronchi?
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs

what is mistaken as subgingival calculus on tooth?
dens in dente, concrescence....?? or something else
Cervical enamel projections

which cell cycle is most variable in mammals?
in options all stages of cell cycle are given
G1 phase

what do u know abt histology of buccal mucosa?
non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

what is subacromial bursa?
a bursa below the acromian connected to the humerus

PLz correct me if i am wrong!!

 

[teethie]

thanks a lot bratdoc. 🙂

bratdoc, pb2007, elmos: you will write your exam before me, pl keep visiting this thread because I need your help before my exam also.

PLz correct me if i am wrong!!

 

[bratdoc]

thanks a lot bratdoc. 🙂

bratdoc, pb2007, elmos: you will write your exam before me, pl keep visiting this thread because I need your help before my exam also.

Dont worry Teethie!! I will still be regular on this thread!👍

 

[nbdeaspirant1]

hi bratdoc n teethie...

i know this is the right place for puttin this question....but i hav tried finding threading pertaining to my question...but did not neccesary info...
its just been 2 months since i came to the U.S...plannin to give exam in feb 2011..
1.i still stand a chance for the year end admissions rite(that is if i do well)
2.how many years is the nbde score valid
3.my toefl score is 109 which will expire by jan 24 2011....do u think i should give it again> doesnt any school accept a toefl score beyond 2 years...

 

[bratdoc]

hi bratdoc n teethie...

i know this is the right place for puttin this question....but i hav tried finding threading pertaining to my question...but did not neccesary info...
its just been 2 months since i came to the U.S...plannin to give exam in feb 2011..
1.i still stand a chance for the year end admissions rite(that is if i do well)
2.how many years is the nbde score valid
3.my toefl score is 109 which will expire by jan 24 2011....do u think i should give it again> doesnt any school accept a toefl score beyond 2 years...

1. Yes, if you give your exam in feb 2011, you comfortably can apply for admissions throughout 2011..
2. From what I heard, NBDE scores are valid for 5 years. But some people with scores dating even before that have also applied. Really don't know how that went.
3. Yes you will need to repeat the TOEFL again as the scores are valid for 2 years, and a valid score will only be accepted at the time of admission. That is why I also gave my exam again!! Also, most people recommend you give the TOEFL after your NBDE exam.

There are many more experienced people on this forum who can guide you much better with the application procedures. Catch hold of one of them!😛

 

[pb2007]

thanks a lot bratdoc. 🙂

bratdoc, pb2007, elmos: you will write your exam before me, pl keep visiting this thread because I need your help before my exam also.

dont worry teethie,i'l help u out even after i'm done.u wont be left alone .

 

[bratdoc]

Which of the following glands has paracrine
function?
A. Gastroenteropancreatic glands.
B. Adrenal glands.
C. Gonads.
D. Salivary glands.
E. Pituitary glands.

Answer given is A.. i agree.. but C is also true according to the information i read in Kaplan! Right?

Terminal differentiation occurs during which
stage of the cell cycle?
A. G1
B. S
C. G0
D. G2
E. Mitosis

What on earth is "Terminal differentiation"? Can someone please explain?

 

[IMFdoc]

Which of the following glands has paracrine
function?
A. Gastroenteropancreatic glands.
B. Adrenal glands.
C. Gonads.
D. Salivary glands.
E. Pituitary glands.

Answer given is A.. i agree.. but C is also true according to the information i read in Kaplan! Right?

Terminal differentiation occurs during which
stage of the cell cycle?
A. G1
B. S
C. G0
D. G2
E. Mitosis

What on earth is "Terminal differentiation"? Can someone please explain?

Terminal diff. is the process by which the cell loose there nuclei but are still functional.. about the stage i will let you know i n a while..